Wouter B. van der Sluis  Thomas D. Steensma  Mark-Bram Bouman 《International Journal of Transgenderism》2020,21(2):176-181

Abstract

Background: Different surgical procedures are available for transgender women wishing to undergo genital gender-affirming surgery.

Aim: To assess preoperative motivations, the frequency of orchiectomy procedures, and postoperative outcomes of orchiectomy in transgender individuals.

Methods: All transgender individuals who underwent orchiectomy in the period between January 2012 and January 2020 at our institution were retrospectively identified. A chart study was conducted, recording motivations, demographics, perioperative characteristics and surgical outcomes. The frequency of orchiectomy and vaginoplasty procedures during the study period were determined and compared.

Results: During the study period, an increase of performed orchiectomy procedures was observed. The orchiectomy/vaginoplasty ratio was 0.01–0.07 in the period 2012–2018 and 0.24 in 2019. A total of 43 transgender individuals were retrospectively identified. Sixteen (37%) initially wished to undergo a vaginoplasty, but did not meet institutional requirements (nonsmoker, BMI < 30kg/m²) or were not eligible for vaginoplasty surgery because of interfering somatic or mental health issues. Fourteen (33%) individuals who underwent orchiectomy regarded it as a preceding step to a future vaginoplasty procedure. Out of these fourteen, one person is now on the waiting list for vaginoplasty surgery. Thirteen (30%) others did not report a desire to pursue vaginoplasty in the future. This was mostly motivated by the absence of genital dysphoria or motivations related to their gender identity, with a desire to discontinue anti-testosterone treatment. The postoperative course was uncomplicated in 39 (91%) individuals.

Conclusion: In the Netherlands, especially in the last year, the frequency of orchiectomy procedures has increased. Reasons that people chose to undergo this procedure include: not being eligible for a vaginoplasty procedure, seeing it as a preceding step to a possible future vaginoplasty or other identity-related motivations (i.e., non-binary gender identification or absence of genital dysphoria).  相似文献   

    

Julie B. Deluty 《Religion Compass》2020,14(6)

This article serves as an introduction to the historical phenomenon of prophecy in the Ancient Levant and Old Babylonian Mari. Of particular focus is the terminology for prophetic personnel, prophecy as a system of communication, the link between prophecy and monarchy at Mari, and the question of biblical prophetic books and their relationship to prophetic practice. The ancient evidence is surveyed in an effort to elucidate a comparative investigation across the Ancient Near East. This includes narratives and books in the Hebrew Bible, and extra‐biblical sources from the sites of Lachish and Deir 'Alla in the larger Levant. Additionally, the Old Babylonian archives of the 18th century BCE kingdom of Mari (Tell Hariri, Syria) illuminate how prophecy is part of a larger system of royal correspondence in antiquity. The article offers the most up‐to‐date literature on prophecy at Mari and also introduces new work on third‐party intermediaries, those individuals who relay prophets' messages to their recipients.  相似文献   

    

Evie A. Malaia  Ronnie B. Wilbur 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science》2020,11(1)

To understand human language—both spoken and signed—the listener or viewer has to parse the continuous external signal into components. The question of what those components are (e.g., phrases, words, sounds, phonemes?) has been a subject of long‐standing debate. We re‐frame this question to ask: What properties of the incoming visual or auditory signal are indispensable to eliciting language comprehension? In this review, we assess the phenomenon of language parsing from modality‐independent viewpoint. We show that the interplay between dynamic changes in the entropy of the signal and between neural entrainment to the signal at syllable level (4–5 Hz range) is causally related to language comprehension in both speech and sign language. This modality‐independent Entropy Syllable Parsing model for the linguistic signal offers insight into the mechanisms of language processing, suggesting common neurocomputational bases for syllables in speech and sign language. This article is categorized under:

• Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
• Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
• Linguistics > Computational Models of Language
• Psychology > Language

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B R Carlson  P Gallagher  S Synoveck 《Perceptual and motor skills》1970,30(3):1009-1010

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B M Levinson 《Psychological reports》1965,17(3):695-698

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B Clark  J D Stewart 《Perceptual and motor skills》1974,38(3):735-743

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R B Bechtel  H M Rosenfeld 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1966,3(3):344-349

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  总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B D Berger  C D Wise  L Stein 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1973,82(3):475-479

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R B May  D Fernandez 《Perceptual and motor skills》1974,38(3):979-985

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S R Pinneau  D C Butler  A J Levine  B C Schurr 《Perceptual and motor skills》1966,23(3):1261-1262

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