The Underlying Role of Negative Affect in the Association between PTSD,Major Depressive Disorder,and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Clinicians and researchers have found differential diagnosis to be difficult, particularly for conceptually similar disorders. One category of particular interest has been distress or internalizing disorders, theorized to be related via an underlying construct of generalized distress or negative affect. The present study attempted to address the comorbidity of three distress disorders - posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) - using latent analyses by controlling for the variance attributable to negative affect. The sample consisted of 265 trauma-exposed individuals who completed self-report measures of PTSD, MDD, GAD, and negative affect. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test initial model fit. Next, the model was re-computed, controlling for negative affect by regressing negative affectivity at the item-level. Results indicated that a significant amount of variance within and between these diagnostic categories is attributable to negative affect at both the item- and factor-level. The hypothesis that MDD’s non-somatic/affective factor and the GAD factor would have the highest attenuations in factor loadings after controlling for negative affect was supported. Therefore, negative affect significantly influences the co-occurrence of PTSD, MDD, and GAD clinically, emphasizing the need for transdiagnostic interventions for trauma victims.     

The role of retrieval mode and retrieval orientation in retrieval practice: insights from comparing recognition memory testing formats and restudying

The effectiveness of retrieval practice for aiding long-term memory, referred to as the testing effect, has been widely demonstrated. However, the specific neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. In the present study, we sought to explore the role of pre-retrieval processes at initial testing on later recognition performance by using event-related potentials (ERPs). Subjects studied two lists of words (Chinese characters) and then performed a recognition task or a source memory task, or restudied the word lists. At the end of the experiment, subjects received a final recognition test based on the remember–know paradigm. Behaviorally, initial testing (active retrieval) enhanced memory retention relative to restudying (passive retrieval). The retrieval mode at initial testing was indexed by more positive-going ERPs for unstudied items in the active-retrieval tasks than in passive retrieval from 300 to 900 ms. Follow-up analyses showed that the magnitude of the early ERP retrieval mode effect (300–500 ms) was predictive of the behavioral testing effect later on. In addition, the ERPs for correctly rejected new items during initial testing differed between the two active-retrieval tasks from 500 to 900 ms, and this ERP retrieval orientation effect predicted differential behavioral testing gains between the two active-retrieval conditions. Our findings confirm that initial testing promotes later retrieval relative to restudying, and they further suggest that adopting pre-retrieval processing in the forms of retrieval mode and retrieval orientation might contribute to these memory enhancements.     

Image-processing algorithms for behavior analysis of group-housed pigs

Computational algorithms of image processing were developed and evaluated to select, by motion detection, images of resting artificial pigs and to segment the pigs (mixture of black and white pigs) from their background. Motion detection of the pigs was implemented by detecting interframe differences of postural behavioral images. This algorithm combines the advantages of likelihood ratio method and shading model method and shows a stable performance under noisy and dynamic illumination conditions. Segmentation of the pigs from their background was implemented by employing multilevel thresholding and background reference techniques. The algorithm automatically determines the number of thresholds needed and produces satisfactory segmentation when both black and white pigs with different image intensities are present at the same time (the most complicated situation). The reference background image is updated so that temporal changes in illumination and/or spatial changes of the pen condition have little effect on the performance of image segmentation. The algorithm employs statistical models of the pigs and background and Bayes hypothesis testing to obtain and update the exposed portion of the reference background. Linear filters were used in this process for updating the parameters. These algorithms will serve as essential components for a novel, behavior-based, interactive approach to assess and control thermal comfort of group-housed pigs, which is expected to result in enhanced animal health and well-being.     

教师互动问卷中文版的初步修订及应用

教师互动问卷（ＱＴＩ）是国外研究师生间教师行为时广泛采用的有效工具,国内目前尚缺少这方面的研究工具,因此,我们对ＱＴＩ进行了中文版的修订。修订经过了翻译、试测、修订、重测、信度与效度的考查等一系列环节。试测和重测的被试分别为９２名和３４７名中小学教师。统计结果表明,ＱＴＩ中文版有较好的信度、效度和区分度,可以用于我国教师行为的研究。此外,应用ＱＴＩ将教师划分为合作一支配型与对一服从型两类,效果较好     

个体智力差异的脑电生理学基础 ——来自EEG和ERP的证据

智力的脑电生理学研究近年来蓬勃发展。文章分析了EEG、ERP这两种主要的电生理学技术在智力差异探究中的应用,在智力水平与大脑激活程度的负相关受到任务难度、内容以及被试性别的影响等方面的研究所取得的进展;指出了以往个体智力差异脑电生理学研究中存在的ERP智力差异研究采用的任务略显简单、难以体现智力活动的本质等问题;认为今后利用多种脑电技术结合研究个体智力差异的趋势日趋明显。     

学习不良儿童孤独感、同伴接受性的特点及其与家庭功能的关系

采用量表法、同伴提名法、访谈法探讨了小学学习不良儿童孤独感、同伴接受性的特点及其与家庭功能的关系。结果表明,４—６年级小学儿童存在孤独感;与一般儿童相比,学习不良儿童孤独感明显偏高,而同伴接受性明显偏低;同伴接受性与孤独感和家庭功能之间存在显著相关。     

高质量中国特色社会心理服务体系建设要贯彻好“六个必须坚持”

建设高质量中国特色社会心理服务体系,既是助力实现“健康中国”的重要路径,也是推进新时代创新社会治理与治理能力现代化的重要举措与手段。党的二十大报告提出的“六个必须坚持”既为建设高质量中国特色社会心理服务体系工作指明了方向,又从方法论的高度深刻阐述了推进理论创新的科学方法和正确路径。本文论述了如何通过贯彻落实“六个必须坚持”开展高质量中国特色社会心理服务体系建设。     

社会主义核心价值观入法入规的伦理意蕴 ——以德法相济的运行为视野

以习近平同志为核心的党中央倡导社会主义核心价值观入法入规,重新阐释了人类道德价值的内容、形式与机制。从伦理内容创新上看,社会主义核心价值观入法入规为传统德主刑辅思想注入新的伦理思想,刷新了“德”与“法”的内涵与外延;从伦理思维范式上看,社会主义核心价值观入法入规实现了德与法的深度融合;从伦理运行机制来看,社会主义核心价值观入法入规确立了将伦理价值与法律价值相结合的评价机制,激活了“德治”软实力与“法治”硬实力共同发力的动力机制。