Objective and epistemic gradability: Is the new angle on the Knobe effect empirically grounded?

According to the New Angle, any explanation of the Knobe effect must be gradable and asymmetric. It has been argued that only Hindriks’ approach meets both criteria. First, we argue that Holton’s hypothesis also meets the criteria. Second, we show that the authors are not justified in taking the criteria to be empirically justified. We have failed to replicate the asymmetry result in two experiments. Moreover, gradability can be objective or epistemic. We show that the New Angle presupposes objective gradability. In our experiments, the patterns of responses to questions about epistemic and objective gradability are the same, irrespective of whether the feature is objectively gradable (e.g., blameworthiness) or not (e.g., intentionality). Our results thus question the extent to which the New Angle is empirically grounded. Moreover, they raise doubt whether the answers to questions about epistemic and objective gradability can be taken at face value at all.

Abbreviations: NRH - normative reasons hypothesis; NVH - norm violation hypothesis; DQ - degree question; DAQ - degree of agreement question     

清真寺与伊斯兰经济文化的生成及其发展

起步于欧卡兹集市和克尔白神庙的阿拉伯商人,遵奉《古兰经》和圣训的经济理念,在每年的朝觐商贸与海外贸易的实践中逐步形成了阿拉伯民族经商、信教的特有文化传统;清真寺和集市的空间并存,折射出集市上的经济活动要受到清真寺伊玛目所宣传的伊斯兰经济思想的规范和制约的现实存在;目前的伊斯兰经济文化也面临着如何生存与怎样才能更好发展等切实挑战。我们可借助伊斯兰教法创制的自我更新机制,从以下几个方面作努力,推动伊斯兰经济文化的进一步发展:探究利息理论在现实操作中的变通策略及实施办法、寻求寺院经济融入国家经济乃至全球经济一体化的实现路径并调动清真寺在伊斯兰经济文化发展中的积极作用。     

西海固盐官穆斯林的脱贫之路

西海固穆斯林中有一部分人于清咸同年间从盐官迁徙而来,一百多年来,他们与贫困斗争,特别是在新时代脱贫攻坚战略的实施下,不懈奋斗,谱写了一曲曲脱贫致富的壮歌。梦想照进现实,老百姓的生活也被小康点亮。同治三年(1864),甘肃礼县盐官镇的部分穆斯林开始在沐家营(即今西吉县城)一带落户,民国时期又有不少盐官穆斯林聚居西海固。     

Chronic social comparison elicits depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in male rats

Animal Cognition - Social comparison is a fundamental human characteristic; however, long-term social comparison may induce psychological stress and can lead to depression and anxiety. Recent...     

建设社会,还是建设政权?--从政权合法性角度看当前的社区建设

合法性危机是政治学中政治发展理论长期关注的问题,当前世界各国都普遍存在着政权合法性危机,发展中的中国因处于社会转型时期也存在着国家与基层社会层面潜在的政权合法性危机。社区建设通过宣传以民主与法治为内容的意识形态以及提高社区治理绩效等方式,巩固并加强了城市基层政权的合法性基础。     

国师之师——南林寺慧静社会关系研究

南林寺慧静是南朝宋代的涅槃名家之一、梁代国师慧约之恩师,以"律行总持"著称。一直以来,南林寺慧静少为学界所关注,有关其社会关系的诸多问题有待研究。本文结合史料,从师承、同门、弟子和外护等方面,对南林寺慧静的社会关系进行初步探讨,指出南林寺慧静是法业的高足、佛陀跋陀罗的再传弟子,可谓佛陀跋陀罗法系的律行传承者;慧静不像同门昙斌那样被统治者敕令回京弘法,而是游化于浙东的山寺;慧约早年跟随慧静的山居生活经历,对其一生有深远的影响,其成就与慧静律行精严、俭素苦行的身教是分不开的;颜延之、何尚之和颜竣等外护对慧静的弘法活动有一定影响。