A parameter analysis method for the weight‐set to satisfy preference orders of alternatives in additive multi‐criteria value models

In the context of the additive multi‐criteria value model, this paper investigates how the set of criteria weights (weight‐set hereafter) can be determined according to the preference orders of alternatives given by the decision maker. A construction method is proposed for the weight‐set for different intervals of β, where β is a differential amount of value between the preference information on two alternatives. The results of this paper are important for sensitivity analysis in multi‐criteria decision making (MCDM) problems and multi‐criteria group decision analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

《圣经》对西方女性观的影响

<圣经>是基督教的主要经典,也是西方文化的主要思想基础.它对于基督教文化的西方国家来说,是传统文化的重要组成部分,对人们思想观念的影响是根深蒂固的.本文主要探讨<圣经>思想对西方妇女观的影响.文章认为,<圣经>对于西方女性观的形成起了决定性的作用.西方妇女的解放应首先破除<圣经>思想的束缚.     

A Paraconsistent Conditional Logic

Journal of Philosophical Logic - We develop a paraconsistent logic by introducing new models for conditionals with acceptive and rejective selection functions which are variants of Chellas’...     

A diagnostic tree model for polytomous responses with multiple strategies

Constructed-response items have been shown to be appropriate for cognitively diagnostic assessments because students’ problem-solving procedures can be observed, providing direct evidence for making inferences about their proficiency. However, multiple strategies used by students make item scoring and psychometric analyses challenging. This study introduces the so-called two-digit scoring scheme into diagnostic assessments to record both students’ partial credits and their strategies. This study also proposes a diagnostic tree model (DTM) by integrating the cognitive diagnosis models with the tree model to analyse the items scored using the two-digit rubrics. Both convergent and divergent tree structures are considered to accommodate various scoring rules. The MMLE/EM algorithm is used for item parameter estimation of the DTM, and has been shown to provide good parameter recovery under varied conditions in a simulation study. A set of data from TIMSS 2007 mathematics assessment is analysed to illustrate the use of the two-digit scoring scheme and the DTM.     

撒拉人的清水湾

那一日,在祥和的午后我端坐于殿内,聆听悠扬的诵经声穿过镂空的窗棂,跨越时空的距离在粗壮的古木梁间余音回绕。天下黄河九十九道湾,我却独爱家乡的清水湾。清水湾是黄河浪尖上一曲百转千回的情歌,她如仕女长袖善舞,一往情深地注入黄河母亲。黄河在清水湾竟是如此温顺。石巷、乙麻亥、阿什江和河东等村庄静静地座落在清水湾巨大臂弯里。