宗教与理性的跨文化心理学研究

信仰与世俗化科学之间的对立统一是自启蒙运动以来许多传统宗教社会所面临的问题。在当前的宗教心理学实证研究中,宗教信仰与科学理性的关系也日渐成为科学研究感兴趣的话题。同时在学科内部,宗教和科学关系的研究由于总是单向度的进行着,阻碍了对这一话题的深入探析。本文在相关宗教与理性关系的实证研究基础上,以美国基督徒、伊朗穆斯林、印度教徒等为主要研究对象,对宗教开放性假设进行跨文化的研究和探讨。同时采用意识形态模型(Ideological Surround Model,ISM)研究范式中的对话方式对相关实证研究结果进行进一步的思考和探索,鼓励跨文化的宗教信仰与科学理性的对话以及不同意识形态之间的对话,希望在理论上能够对国内宗教心理学的研究有所助益。     

睡眠限制对认知功能的影响及其潜在作用机制

睡眠限制已然成为现代社会人们普遍面临的问题, 其对个体身心机能的影响备受研究者关注。众多研究表明, 睡眠限制会对注意功能、执行功能和长时记忆等不同认知领域的心理加工产生差异化影响, 且影响程度与任务类型、睡眠限制的严重程度、年龄和性别等因素相关。研究者们提出了4种主要的作用假说：唤醒假说、注意控制假说、警觉性假说以及前额皮层易感性假说。未来研究需要从关注个体间差异、使用动脉自旋标记灌注功能磁共振成像技术以及重视轻度睡眠限制的影响等角度进行深化和扩展。     

Sitting In: The Experience of Learning and Practicing Family Therapy through Being a Co-Therapist in Hong Kong

This article explores family therapy trainees’ subjective experiences of working as cotherapists with a supervisory-level therapist in a Chinese context, regarding their perceptions of and positioning in it and also their opinions on the benefits and/or pitfalls of cotherapy. Individual interviews with a total of six cotherapists revealed three themes: (1) Cotherapy was perceived as an experiential learning journey that evolved from anxiety and excitement to empowerment and nurturing; (2) a collaborative master–apprentice relationship of openness, trust, and mutual respect was developed with both sides’ interactive effort, which included common commitment and concern for the client, the supervisor’s awareness and explicit address of the role hierarchy, principle setting prior to the cooperation, and honest pre- and-postsession sharing and discussion; (3) the dual-purpose supervisor–trainee cotherapy brought direct benefits for all involved parties and for others. The findings have useful implications for integrating treatment and training for optimal training/learning outcomes and for advancing knowledge transfer from senior to junior and from academia to the field, with reference to local cultural characteristics.     

It’s Not You,It’s Me: An Exploration of Mentoring Experiences for Women in STEM

Although the number of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) continues to grow, men still represent a significant majority of those employed in these industries. Mentoring programs have been identified as a useful tool to alleviate this gap and therefore have been developed in an effort to attract and retain women in STEM. However, research suggests that women are still being mentored less often than their male colleagues. To understand this issue in depth, 36 women holding managerial positions in STEM organizations in the United States and Canada were interviewed and their experiences with mentoring were discussed. The results suggest that women do have access and indeed find potential mentors but they perceive significant barriers that prevent these initial meetings from developing into long-term mentoring relationships. Specifically, four Barriers to the Development of Mentorship (BDM) were identified including: Need for Fit, Demonstrating Capability, Commitment of the Mentor, and Trust in the Mentor. BDM might help researchers and practitioners understand why women are under-mentored and consequently underrepresented in STEM workplaces. Implications of these findings are discussed, such as how to improve formal mentoring programs to overcome BDM and better serve women in STEM.

     

中学生发散思维能力培养的实验研究

本研究以初中一年级学生为被试 ,对学生进行发散性思维训练 ,探讨培养中学生创造力的可行性及有效措施。研究结果表明 :对中学生进行发散思维训练是可行的 ,学生在流畅力、精进力、变通力、独创力等方面都有所进步。另外 ,实验还考察了发散思维训练对推理能力和学习成绩的影响 ,结果未发现明显作用     

明儒颜钧的七日闭关工夫及其三教合一倾向

颜钧(1504～1596),号山农,江西永新人,明代后期泰州学派的重要代表人物.泰州学派是阳明后学中具有平民意识和宗教化倾向的学派,其宗教化倾向主要通过工夫实践中对儒释道三教的融摄而得以展现,这一特点在颜钧思想中表现尤为明显.他以原儒经典为依据,在承袭心学系统静中体验传统的基础上,吸收了佛道二教的一些修养方法,形成一套颇具神秘主义特色的修养工夫--"七日闭关法".本文即以"七日闭关"法为中心,对颜钧思想的三教合一倾向略做探讨.     

开发、国家政策与狩猎采集民社会的生态与生计——以中国东北大小兴安岭地区的鄂伦春族为例

狩猎采集民在多民族多文化的国家中,她往往处于周边民族的边缘地带。本文在对于全球范围内的狩猎采集民的研究在人类学的学术定位以及他们目前面临的共同的社会、生态等问题的基础上,选择中国大小兴安岭的狩猎民族——鄂伦春族为研究对象,在人类学田野调查的基础上,分析了鄂伦春族所处地区的自然生态和人口变化,讨论了清朝和伪满洲国时期的近代以来的政策,包括日本殖民主义的意识形态对鄂伦春族的负面影响。重点探讨了1949年以后的森林开发、定居化以及20世纪90年代以来的“禁猎转产”等政策,对于当地生态环境影响的同时,如何使原住民族——鄂伦春人的生计、社会和文化发生了巨大的变化。最后,笔者把此研究提升为对于“进步”和文明的表述问题的讨论。     

病毒入胞机制的研究

病毒吸附、穿入宿主细胞是一个复杂的过程,多年来一直是病毒性疾病预防和治疗选择的靶点。对病毒入胞机制研究的不断深入,不仅使我们更好地理解、认识病毒的致病性,而且有助于抗病毒新药的开发和疫苗的研制。列举有关实例说明:病毒入胞机制是研究病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的重要环节,从而提出:病毒入胞机制研究具有丰富的哲学内涵。     

Psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and performance among Filipino service workers

The present study surveyed 954 employees and their supervisors to determine the relationship of empowerment with job satisfaction and performance in five different service sectors: hotels, food service, banking, call centers, and airlines. Psychological empowerment was positively correlated with both job satisfaction and performance. Although intrinsic motivation was associated with higher levels of empowerment and job satisfaction, contrary to hypothesis, intrinsic motivation did not moderate the relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction and performance. Men reported greater empowerment than women even when job level and performance were controlled for. Cross-industry analyses indicated differences in empowerment across different types of service sectors with employees in call centers reporting less empowerment compared to employees in hotel, airlines, food establishments, and banks.     

Explaining the socioeconomic well-being of immigrants and returned migrants: An econometric analysis of the Hong Kong and Canadian censuses of 2001

This article focuses on an explanation of return migration to Hong Kong based not on the economic failure of Hong Kong immigrants, but on their strategic vision to accumulate human capital while abroad, which they then exploit on their return. We found that Hong Kong returnees with degrees earned abroad in 2001 constituted about 20% of the highly educated Hong-Kong resident group, with the largest flow emanating from Canada. An econometric investigation revealed that both the income and the odds of being a manager were significantly higher for returned migrants than for their counterparts who remained in Canada. Our findings suggests that this return migration is motivated by returnees’ ability to exploit their accumulated foreign transnational capital in the context of Hong Kong. Cet article repose sur une explication de la migration de retour vers Hong Kong, motivée non pas par la faillite économique des immigrants de Hong Kong, mais plutôt par leur vision stratégique consistant à accumuler le capital humain pendant leur séjour à l’étranger pour ensuite l’exploiter lors de leur retour. Nous avons constaté qu’à Hong Kong, le groupe de gens très éduqués était constitué, à environ 20%, de rapatriés détenant des diplômes obtenus à l’étranger, et que la plupart d’entre eux revenaient du Canada. Une analyse économiétrique a révélé que, par rapport aux migrants qui étaient restés au Canada, ceux qui étaient retournés à Hong Kong jouissaient d’un revenu plus ?evé et d’une meilleure chance de devenir cadres. Nos résultats permettent de conclure que cette migration de retour est motivée par la capacité des migrants de mettre á profit, dans le contexte de Hong Kong leur capital transnational accumulé à l’étranger.