Comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in borderline patients defines an impulsive subtype of borderline personality disorder

In order to examine the impulsive profile of a BPD sample with comorbid ADHD, adult patients who met criteria for BPD were assessed for ADHD with the CAADID and the WURS. A high rate of ADHD in the BPD sample was found, with sixty-nine (38.1%) BPD patients diagnosed as having comorbid adult ADHD. BPD-ADHD group had higher rates of general substance use disorder (59.4% vs. 38.4%), antisocial personality disorder (7.2% vs. 0.9%) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (21.7% vs. 6.3%). The BPD group without comorbid adult ADHD showed a higher rate of mood disorders (62.5% vs. 37.7%), panic disorders (54.5% vs. 23.1%) and benzodiazepine abuse (18.8% vs. 5.8%). Only in BPD patients without ADHD was comorbid avoidant personality disorder found. BPD patients could be distinguished in two clear subgroups related to the adult ADHD comorbidity. BPD-ADHD patients showed a more homogeneous and impulsive profile while BPD without ADHD comorbidity had more anxiety and depressive disorders.     

The effects of ongoing activity on time estimation in prospective remembering

Two experiments examined whether time‐based prospective memory performance is influenced by the continuous or discontinuous nature of an ongoing activity. The first experiment demonstrated that prospective memory performance was not influenced by the engagement in continuous or discontinuous ongoing activity. The second experiment demonstrated that a discontinuous ongoing activity negatively affected prospective memory performance when participants had to execute two time‐based tasks for which the retention intervals partially overlapped. The results suggest that when individuals are engaged in multiple time‐based tasks, a general timing disruption occurs, with a proactive interference effect resulting in costs that are detrimental to prospective timing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Social class, contextualism, and empathic accuracy

Recent research suggests that lower-class individuals favor explanations of personal and political outcomes that are oriented to features of the external environment. We extended this work by testing the hypothesis that, as a result, individuals of a lower social class are more empathically accurate in judging the emotions of other people. In three studies, lower-class individuals (compared with upper-class individuals) received higher scores on a test of empathic accuracy (Study 1), judged the emotions of an interaction partner more accurately (Study 2), and made more accurate inferences about emotion from static images of muscle movements in the eyes (Study 3). Moreover, the association between social class and empathic accuracy was explained by the tendency for lower-class individuals to explain social events in terms of features of the external environment. The implications of class-based patterns in empathic accuracy for well-being and relationship outcomes are discussed.     

从“道”的隐喻看“相”的隐喻——论“实践‘哲学’”之难

理论与实践关系的难题并非天然存在,而是被某种"哲学"所造成的。西方哲学以有别于日常劳碌的神性之"看"宣告自己的诞生,宣告了智慧之爱的"理论"性,同时也宣告了哲学与实践的对立。西方哲学是"看"的隐喻化及其系统化,其典范是柏拉图的"相"论。评论这类哲学的隐喻根据及其与实践的对立,可从另类与实践并无紧张关系的哲学性隐喻即"道"论出发,使"相"论与实践的张力昭然若揭。理论既已疏离于实践,就再难回过头来统驭实践,因此"实践‘哲学’"之难便在于它不是毁坏实践,就是毁坏哲学。     

理性化的情感——东汉“矫情崇礼”现象探究

东汉出现了一股"矫情崇礼"的社会风气,表象背后是儒家礼制的日益渗透和"人情"的逐渐被"恶"化。面对情礼关系这个纷杂却又永恒的人生课题,"矫情崇礼"现象的出现彰显了东汉独有的时代特征。     

The Use of Cognitive Mapping in Eliciting and Evaluating Group Cognitions

A holistic method for eliciting and evaluating group cognition was introduced and tested. In the study, 359 undergraduate students were assigned to 72 groups, consisting of 4 to 6 members who worked on research projects lasting for 14 weeks. In order to evaluate the way groups represent the specific knowledge related to their tasks, we used a conceptual mapping technique. Conceptual mapping proved to be a fruitful way to understand the way groups represent their knowledge. The conceptual maps were stable in time and had explanatory power for groups' performance.     

美德,德性,抑或良品?——Virtue概念的中文译法及品质论伦理学的基本结构

Virtue在中文语域常被译作德性、美德、德行、德等,这些译法在现代日常汉语中都不够妥当,容易造成泛道德化误解。相较于这些常见译法,virtue译作良品更合适,其反义词vice则可译作劣品。良品和劣品都属于人的品质。基于这种思路,通常意义上的virtue ethics应归于character ethics(品质论伦理学)的一个分支。至于时下中文语域的各种德性和美德话语,其实都流于褊狭。     

论事实与价值二分的消解

事实与价值的关系问题是道德哲学的重要问题,从近代事实与价值的二分到现代的彻底断裂,不仅带来道德知识的合法性问题,也加深了现代道德生活的危机,给人类的持久生存形成了危害。一个消解事实与价值二分的总体思路是揭示和构建事实与价值之间默会的意义关联域,以主客体互换为视角,以人的自我转化为根基,在经验生活的超越向度中实现事实与价值的相互通约与转化。