实验性近视模型变迁的回顾及其评价

近视由于其危害性成为科研热点,而近视模型的出现使其研究得到突破。模拟人类近视发展的不同模型无论在近视形成机制还是在物种选择,以及研究部位的变迁中均体现出哲学与科学相结合的过程。汲取不同类型的模型优点,并同人类原型予以比较,对解读近视本质和病因治疗有深远意义。     

Organizational Development Interventions for Enhancing Creativity in the Workplace

In an era of rapidly accelerating change, many organizations which developed during a more stable era that demanded bureaucratic efficiency find themselves in a crisis of adaptability and commitment. Effective organizations are those which can mainstream both adaptability and efficiency and strike an appropriate balance between the two. This paper evaluates traditional organizational development (OD) approaches to this problem, then presents a new approach to OD based on organizational creativity. Organizational creativity is defined as a deliberate and continuous change-making process of problem generation and formulation, problem solving, and solution implementation, and as synonymous with adaptability and innovation. Unlike traditional OD approaches that lack a strategic perspective and that rely on single interventions, OD should be employed as an innovation process requiring thinking skills in change-making and incorporating interventions as tools. Under the new approach, organizations can learn to mainstream adaptability by doing two things: encouraging employees to master new thinking skills which increases their creativity, motivation, and commitment; and creating an infrastructure that ensures that these skills will be used regularly. Research is reviewed supporting the new approach, and future research directions are suggested.     

Responses to comparisons in romantic relationships: Empathy,shared fate,and contrast

Individuals who empathize and share outcomes with their partner are likely to react more positively to upward comparisons (UCs) than downward comparisons (DCs). Three studies examined responses to comparisons in romantic relationships. Participants reported more positive affect following UCs than DCs; positive affect was also predicted by empathy and shared outcomes. Relationship‐maintaining responses were predicted by empathy and shared outcomes: Participants who felt boosted by sharing their partner's success were less likely to report distancing themselves from the partner following UCs, and participants who felt concern for their partner's failure were especially likely to help the partner following DCs. Our findings suggest that individuals respond functionally to these comparisons by focusing on protecting the relationship rather than protecting the self.     

关于晚期恶性肿瘤放弃治疗的思考

晚期恶性肿瘤的放弃治疗,关键是明确四个方面问题:对于某些晚期恶性肿瘤病人为什么要放弃治疗,应该放弃哪些治疗,什么时候开始放弃治疗,如何进行放弃治疗.意义就在于尊重生命,合理分配和利用医疗资源,体现社会公平的原则.     

原发性乳腺癌新辅助化疗与过度医疗、无效治疗

新辅助化疗已经使众多原发性乳腺癌患者受益.依据不同的判断标准,它又可以被视为无效治疗或过度医疗.新辅助化疗应用于临床,引起了哲学意义上的争议.医者原因是重要原因之一.要重视矛盾问题"底线"的研究,提供相对宽松的技术、学术、文化氛围;医者持续的、有计划的学习与培训是增强其主体性的保证和前提.     

出生缺陷干预模式探讨

出生缺陷(birth defection,BD)已经成为目前全世界共同关注的一个重大公共卫生问题。为此,世界卫生组织提出预防出生缺陷的“三级预防策略”,国家计生委于2000年组织实施“出生缺陷干预工程”。结合哲学思想对出生缺陷的三级预防以及干预模式进行综合分析。     

浅谈中医阴阳理论认识局限与创新

提出了中医传统阴阳理论认识的局限性,并客观分析了局限性产生的原因,结合现代哲学和相关科学知识大胆地提出了现代中医阴阳理论的新认识——地球生态系统阴阳观,并就其内涵及应用意义进行简要阐述,进一步丰富了中医基础理论,为中医药研究、教学、临床等提供新的理论参考,以期促进中医事业发展,为中医、中西医结合发展提供有益探索。     

Understanding How Creative Thinking Skills,Attitudes and Behaviors Work Together: A Causal Process Model

Managers (N = 112) from a large international consumer goods manufacturer participated in a field experiment in which they learned and applied the Simplex process of creative thinking to solve real management problems. The interrelationships among six attitudinal and behavioral skill variables learned during the training were measured to improve understanding of how these variables contribute to the process. Predicted relationships were tested and a best‐fit causal model was developed. Behavioral skill in generating quantity of options was the most important variable overall: it was directly associated with behavioral skill in both generating quality options and evaluating options. The key attitudinal skill and the second most important variable overall was the preference for avoiding premature evaluation of options (deferral of judgment). The other attitude measured, the preference for active divergence, played only an indirect role in the process.     

唐诗中的瘟疫

通过对唐诗之“疫”的探讨,认为唐朝对疫病产生原因的认识是来源于秦汉以前的疫鬼思想;在治疗方法上采用医师、灸师、诅师、符师四者相结合的医疗手段;并分析了唐代疫病的传播途径、疫区气候条件及唐代疫病的主要类型。     

唐诗中的瘟疫

通过对唐诗之"疫"的探讨,认为唐朝对疫病产生原因的认识是来源于秦汉以前的疫鬼思想;在治疗方法上采用医师、灸师、诅师、符师四者相结合的医疗手段;并分析了唐代疫病的传播途径、疫区气候条件及唐代疫病的主要类型.