Speaking two languages at once: Unconscious native word form access in second language production

Bilingualism research has established language non-selective lexical access in comprehension. However, the evidence for such an effect in production remains sparse and its neural time-course has not yet been investigated. We demonstrate that German-English bilinguals performing a simple picture-naming task exclusively in English spontaneously access the phonological form of –unproduced– German words. Participants were asked to produce English adjective-noun sequences describing the colour and identity of familiar objects presented as line drawings. We associated adjective and picture names such that their onsets phonologically overlapped in English (e.g., green goat), in German through translation (e.g., blue flower – ‘blaue Blume’), or in neither language. As expected, phonological priming in English modulated event-related brain potentials over the frontocentral scalp region from around 440 ms after picture onset. Phonological priming in German was detectable even earlier, from 300 ms, even though German was never produced and in the absence of an interaction between language and phonological repetition priming at any point in time. Overall, these results establish the existence of non-selective access to phonological representations of the two languages in the domain of speech production.     

What Makes a Satisfied Immigrant? Host-Country Characteristics and Immigrants’ Life Satisfaction in Eighteen European Countries

Based on the data from six waves of the European Social Survey collected from 18 European countries between 2002 and 2012, we aimed at explaining the variation in immigrants’ life satisfaction across countries, by focusing on host countries’ characteristics. By adopting the multi-level analysis, we examined the national-level traits from three aspects: namely, the climate of immigrant reception, the extent of public goods provision and the level of economic inequality. Our findings suggest that immigrants are likely to be more satisfied in countries that offer more welcoming social settings. However, this association is significant only when the social setting is measured by attitudes of the native-born towards immigrants, rather than by legal immigration regulations and policies. When taking into account the extent to which host country is able to provide public goods, country’s wealth levels seems not to matter for immigrants’ life satisfaction, whereas countries’ levels of human development is associated with an increase in immigrants’ life satisfaction albeit only at the 10% significance level. The role of economic inequality varies with immigrants’ own socio-economic statuses. On average, immigrants are less satisfied with their lives in host countries with higher levels of economic inequality. However, highly educated immigrants tend not to perceive economic inequality of the country as an obstacle of their satisfaction.     

心理学研究的可重复性“危机”:一些积极应对策略

研究结果的可重复性不高是目前心理学研究面临的一个较为普遍的现象,造成这种情况不仅是由于人类心理与行为的复杂性及实验操作、环境等无关变量的影响,排除个别学术不端行为,许多研究者偏差性的操作也是影响可重复性的重要原因。由于一些偏差性操作可能已经被当成研究惯例,因而有必要明确具体操作来源并据此提出解决策略,为促进心理学界关于研究程序、数据分析、结果呈现等操作惯例的转变提供参照。     

PTSD易感性人格特质、工作记忆能力和创伤期间认知加工对模拟创伤闪回的影响

基于模拟创伤研究范式, 采用道路交通事故影片对159名健康大学生进行模拟创伤, 考察PTSD易感性人格特质(特质焦虑、特质分离和神经质)、工作记忆能力(注意控制和工作记忆容量)和创伤期间认知加工(数据驱动加工和概念加工)对模拟创伤后不同时段闪回的影响。运用结构方程模型分析数据, 结果发现：(1)数据驱动加工正向预测不同时段闪回(即时闪回、一周闪回和触发闪回)的数量、生动性、痛苦度以及一周侵入频率; (2)神经质正向预测触发闪回痛苦度, 注意控制和工作记忆容量负向预测一周侵入频率; (3)概念加工在注意控制与即时闪回痛苦度之间起中介作用。研究结果提示：数据驱动加工是创伤后不同时段闪回的主要影响因素; 概念加工主要作用于早期急性应激反应, 注意控制是其保护因素; 神经质和工作记忆能力对闪回具有较长期的影响, 且工作记忆能力具有一定的保护作用。     

感性还是理性?文化衍生的权力感对广告诉求偏好的影响

广告的有效性很大程度上取决于消费者个体特征与广告诉求之间的一致性。以往研究忽略了文化衍生的权力感作为关键心理特征与不同诉求广告之间的匹配性效应。本文探讨文化衍生的权力感(个人权力感vs.社会权力感)对广告诉求偏好的影响及其作用机理。研究结果表明, 启动个人(vs.社会)权力感的消费者更加偏好感性(vs.理性)诉求广告, 其中唤醒度发挥中介作用。当启动个人(vs.社会)权力感时, 个体更加强调满足自我需要和寻求挑战以不断提高地位与声望, 更容易激发兴奋等高(vs.低)唤醒度, 从而更加偏好感性(vs.理性)诉求广告。此外, 合理化需要在文化衍生的权力感通过唤醒度对广告诉求偏好的影响中起到调节作用。在不启动合理化需要时, 文化衍生的权力感通过唤醒度对广告诉求偏好发挥影响的中介效应显著; 而当启动合理化需要时, 上述中介效应不显著。本文基于文化取向的视角揭示了权力感影响广告诉求偏好的心理机制与边界条件, 为企业根据文化衍生的权力感差异制定广告营销策略等方面提供实践启示。     

The Contribution of Morphological Awareness and Vocabulary Knowledge to Chinese as a Second Language Reading Comprehension: A Path Analysis

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - This study explored the role of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in reading comprehension ability of Chinese as a second language (CSL)...     

5～7岁自闭症谱系障碍儿童环境文字阅读的特点

以带有不同类型情境线索(包括颜色、图标和字体)的环境文字为材料,采用命名任务考察5～7岁28名自闭症谱系障碍儿童和30名正常儿童阅读环境文字的特点。结果发现:(1)在去掉环境文字中的图标后,自闭症谱系障碍儿童和正常儿童命名文字的得分都显著降低;(2)在消除环境文字的字体线索后,自闭症谱系障碍儿童命名文字的得分显著降低,但正常儿童却较少受影响;(3)在阅读环境文字时,无论是自闭症谱系障碍儿童还是正常儿童,识字量越多,儿童越少依赖图标线索的提示。这些结果表明,自闭症谱系障碍儿童在阅读环境文字时,受图标线索和字体线索的影响较大,为制定促进其阅读学习的早期识字干预方案提供参考。     

物质主义对绿色消费的影响：促进还是抑制?

在物质主义价值观盛行的当今中国社会, 如何推进绿色消费这一举措是值得关注的问题。以往研究对于物质主义与绿色消费的关系得出了矛盾的结论。针对这一现状, 本研究以绿色产品本身的特征(炫耀性/非炫耀性)为切入点, 首先考察物质主义影响绿色消费的边界条件, 即绿色产品炫耀性的调节作用, 然后进一步探究物质主义促进炫耀性绿色消费及抑制非炫耀性绿色消费的心理机制, 最后在此基础上进行自然接触的干预研究, 以期为解决现有研究分歧提供全新的思路, 同时为企业和政府引导绿色消费提供管理建议。     

群体情境下儿童的分配公平性

群体情境下儿童的资源分配决策受到群体身份、群体地位和群体规范的影响。在群体因素与公平分配之间, 儿童或坚持公平正义, 或偏向群体利益。这三种群体因素对儿童的分配公平性均造成了影响; 个体因素也会影响群体情境下儿童的分配决策。未来研究应对群体因素多加关注, 通过操控分配情境中的群体信息, 尝试探讨三种群体因素之间的相互作用, 以进一步了解复杂的群体情境下儿童的分配公平性。群体情境下影响分配公平性的个体因素也是需要未来研究逐一验证和讨论的问题。     

4岁儿童对过去事件的自传式回忆的表述特征

本研究目的是考察4岁儿童的自传式回忆的表述特征。研究对象为76名4岁儿童(男25,女51),让他们在实验室中面对陌生实验员和另三名儿童讲述自己过生日的经历。对录像材料的编码分为四个维度:对事件回忆的逻辑顺序性、事件内容的丰富性、表述的主动性以及讲述时的身体姿态。结果表明:(1)儿童在对过去事件做自传式回忆时,在事件回忆的逻辑顺序性方面,能够独立地按照事件发生顺序回忆的儿童占36.8%。(2)在进行自传式回忆时,儿童每人平均说出1 7个事件,25个字。(3)4岁儿童在陌生情境中对过去事件进行自传式回忆的能力表现接近于正态分布。(4)4岁儿童自传式表达的主动性与顺序性及含字量之间,事件个数与含字量及顺序性之间,顺序性与体态之间均存在显著的正相关关系。