Group Counseling Children of Divorce in the Elementary Schools: Understanding Process and Technique

One approach to counseling the children of divorced or separated parents includes the children in peer-group counseling sessions. The authors offer guidelines and techniques for elementary school counselors in establishing such a group-counseling program.     

Displaced Homemakers: Unresolved Issues

The problems of displaced homemakers are not new, nor are they associated with only one target group. By reexamining the literature and personal counseling experiences of the 1960's, Zawada identifies 16 problems that overlap with those of today's displaced homemakers. Hopefully, this identification of unresolved issues will provide a working base for helping this new target group.     

Sex and Race Bias in Employment Decisions: Black Women Considered

The purpose of this investigation was to explore sex and race discrimination in employment at the managerial level, with special focus on Black women.     

JOB ATTRIBUTES PREFERRED BY FEMALE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, BEFORE AND AFTER ENTERING THE WORK FORCE

A longitudinal study of 125 female health professionals' preferences for 12 job characteristics was carried out at graduation and 20 months later. After employment respondents placed increased importance on skill development and respect received, and less emphasis on security and promotion opportunities. At follow-up the most valued attributes were skill development, chance to accomplish something worthwhile and friendliness of co-workers, while physical surroundings, pay and promotion were ranked as least important. Self concept measures derived from Bern's Sex Role Inventory (1974) had not changed since graduation. In both surveys, a significant association was found between masculinity and the importance attached to taking part in decisions. The results contribute to the debate concerning the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy in work motivation.     

Families' Schemata of Social Relationships

Variation in views of the social environment held jointly by members of family units was examined from a theoretical perspective that specifies distinct kinds of variation among families in their beliefs about the fundamental nature of the social world. Associations compatible with theory were found between direct measures of family interaction and families' schemata of social relationships as assessed by using a felt figure technique. Additional evidence indicated that variation among families in the schemata displayed resulted from similar contributions by all individuals in a family studied. Findings support the existence of family social schemata — a family group's set of views about the organization of relationships in the social world — and indicate several dimensions by which these schemata vary from family to family.     

RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF VERBAL, ARTICULATIVE, AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION TO EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS IN THE JOB INTERVIEW SETTING

Recruiter ratings of 338 on-campus interviews were used in a discriminant analysis procedure to determine the relative importance of the verbal, articulative, and nonverbal dimensions of communication during the job interview. Correlation of seven variables with the discriminant function indicated that appropriateness of content, fluency of speech, and composure were of greatest importance in contributing to a favorable employment decision. These findings were contrary to the recent literature which has emphasized the importance of nonverbal behavior. Implications for job-interview skills training are discussed, and suggestions for a comprehensive workshop model are presented.     

Responsibility and Control: The Basis of Sexual Decision Making

Cognitive, socialization, and situational dimensions are embodied in both the concept of decision making and the concept of locus of control. This article examines these dimensions as they relate to six important sexual questions. The results of an empirical study investigating the relationship between factors that influence adolescent sexual decision making and internal-external locus of control are reported. The practical implications for practicing counselors are outlined.     

Implications of Concurrent Measures of Viewer Behavior

Carter's “signaled stopping” technique is used here under different instructions to examine two quite different cognitive phenomena during television viewing of marital interactions from feature films: a change to the cognitive state of “thinking” (rather than just watching), and the momentary perception of action “meaningful for the couple's relationship.” A variety of evidence supports the distinction and suggests directions for further applications of the technique.