The Interactive Effect of Impression Motivation and Cognitive Schema on Self‐Presentation in a Personality Inventory1

Applicants usually try to put their best foot forward during personnel selection. Although past research has revealed meaningful individual differences in applicants' self‐presentation in personality tests (often called “faking”), it only concentrated on main effects and ignored the interaction of interindividual and intraindividual differences. Based on impression management theory, we hypothesized that interindividual differences in applicants' impression motivation interact with intraindividual differences in the perceived relevance of personality facets (applicants' cognitive schema). Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed that both impression motivation and cognitive schema significantly affected self‐presentation. Furthermore, for participants with high levels of impression motivation, cognitive schema showed a stronger impact on self‐presentation than for those with low levels of impression motivation.     

Gender Differences in Healthcare Utilization: The Mediating Effect of Utilization Propensity

To evaluate the mediating effect of utilization propensity (UP) on gender differences in healthcare utilization (HCU), a representative sample of the German general population (N = 2,510) was assessed with questionnaires. Gender differences in HCU, UP, and the mediating effect of UP were investigated using regression analyses. UP was significantly associated with HCU. The explanatory power of gender for UP, and of UP for HCU was prevailingly weak. UP had a mediating effect on gender differences in HCU, but the effect was very small. This is partly attributable to common problems in the prediction of behavior by attitudes and the operationalization of UP.     

E. Joseph Shoben,Jr.: Synthesizer in an Age of Specialization

E. Joseph Shoben, Jr., a pioneer in the development of counseling, was interviewed about his intellectual and career development, his views of the present and future of counseling, his ideas about several issues in psychotherapy, and his reflections about himself and his career. In addition, several others who know Shoben were interviewed about him.     

A Self Psychologist in Couplesland: Multisubjective Approach to Transference and Countertransference-Like Phenomena in Marital Relationships

This essay introduces the reader to some basic self psychological concepts that have useful applications to couples therapy. Two points are highlighted. First, the therapist must be constantly aware of the narcissistic vulnerability of each of the participants. Second, the working through of transference and countertransference-like experiences within the marital dyad is just as central to an understanding of the curative process in couples treatment as it is within the patient/therapist dyad in individual treatment.