Leading here-and-now groups

Here-and-now groups present common events that demand specific responses from leaders if movement toward desired goals is to occur. This article describes some of these events and explicit interventions that are useful in leading these groups.     

Emotional Stress: Investigating the Restrictiveness of Residential Security and the Pains of Juvenile Incarceration

The authors found significant differences in emotional stress levels experienced by juvenile offenders confined to facilities having higher degrees of security and structure.     

THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING METHOD AND TRAINEE AGE ON THE ACQUISITION OF COMPUTER SKILLS

This experiment examined the influence of training method and trainee age on performance during training in the acquisition of computer software skills. A behavioral modeling training method yielded consistently superior computer software mastery compared with a nonmodeling approach. Older trainees exhibited significantly lower performance than did younger trainees in both the modeling and the nonmodeling training conditions. Findings are discussed in terms of strategies for overcoming older worker technological obsolescence.     

Elderly Persons as Intergenerational Child Care Providers

Programs involving elderly adults in the provision of child care services have evolved as a possible solution to problems identified by working parents and the elderly.     

Attitudes toward men's intergenerational financial obligations to older and younger male family members following divorce

In this study 116 men and 200 women randomly selected from phone books in the midwestern United States responded to a vignette designed to assess their attitudes about the obligation of men toward intergenerational family financial obligations following divorce. The hypotheses were: (1) Men will be perceived to have greater obligations to financially assist a father than to assist a stepfather or former father-in-law, and (2) men will be perceived to have greater obligations to financially assist a son than to assist an elderly family member. An additional research question was addressed: What rationale do people give to explain their beliefs about men's intergenerational financial obligations following divorce? Data were analyzed using chi-square tests (forced-choice responses) and qualitative methods (open-ended responses). Both hypotheses were supported. Obligation was greatest to offspring, followed by fathers, stepfathers, and former fathers-in-law. However, attitudes about intergenerational obligations were contextual, and they depended on relationship quality, resources available, acuity of need, and ongoing commitments.     

Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Client Spiritual Well‐Being

Forty‐three individuals receiving psychotherapy for childhood sexual abuse and 34 clients who sought psychotherapy for other reasons were compared on several aspects of spiritual functioning. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in spiritual well‐being. However, both groups scored lower than samples of medical outpatients and hospice workers. Most reported initiating and discussing spiritual issues during therapy, were satisfied and comfortable with these discussions, and rated spirituality as important to problem resolution. They also listed several obstacles to spiritual development. Possible research and practice implications are discussed.     

The relative severity of acts of physical violence in heterosexual relationships: An item response theory analysis

This study evaluated the structure of an expanded version of the physical violence scale of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS). A community sample of 1,092 randomly selected men and women reported on perpetration and receipt of 14 violent acts in their relationships. Item response theory analyses indicated that the violence items were unidimensional for recipient and perpetrator reports of men's and women's violence. There was convergence between severity of acts as reported by perpetrators and recipients for both men's and women's violence. Results indicated that adding together the number of different acts endorsed to form a total score is appropriate for both men's and women's violence. Total scores were strongly related to likelihood of injury, supporting the validity of CTS‐type measures to assess severity of violence.