Adaptationism and Early Confucian Moral Psychology

Ryan Nichols in his recent article ‘A genealogy of early Confucian moral psychology’ argues that the discussion of Confucius and Mencius on moral emotions can be provided an evolutionary analysis. Nichols’ argument is based on the evolutionary value of kin-relations and the origin of emotions toward kin in human society. In this article I argue that Nichols’ argument is flawed because he endorses an adaptationist program of human moral psychology. The adaptationists treat kin-relations and our emotions toward kin as a straightforward result of natural selection and adaptation. They ignore any non-adaptationist interpretation of biological traits. As more and more evolutionary biologists discover that the adaptationist program is too simplistic to understand the diverse evolutionary pathways of living beings, Nichols’ project is not justified due to its reliance on this problematic adaptationist program.     

Communication Styles,Cultural Values,and Counseling Effectiveness With Asian Americans

This study examined counseling intervention designed for Asian Americans. Participants (N = 158) rated session effectiveness after viewing a videotape of a counselor using a culturally congruent or incongruent communication style. Analyses of variance showed that the incongruent style was viewed as more satisfying and credible than the congruent style. Factor analysis showed that participants perceived “being direct” and “maintaining harmony” styles, and multiple regression analyses revealed that these perceptions had a positive relationship with effectiveness.     

Differences in memory functioning between children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or focal epilepsy

Prior research has shown that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy are frequently comorbid and that both disorders are associated with various attention and memory problems. Nonetheless, limited research has been conducted comparing the two disorders in one sample to determine unique versus shared deficits. Hence, we investigated differences in working memory (WM) and short-term and delayed recall between children with ADHD, focal epilepsy of mixed foci, comorbid ADHD/epilepsy and controls. Participants were compared on the Core subtests and the Picture Locations subtest of the Children’s Memory Scale (CMS). Results indicated that children with ADHD displayed intact verbal WM and long-term memory (LTM), as well as intact performance on most aspects of short-term memory (STM). They performed worse than controls on Numbers Forward and Picture Locations, suggesting problems with focused attention and simple span for visual-spatial material. Conversely, children with epilepsy displayed poor focused attention and STM regardless of the modality assessed, which affected encoding into LTM. The only loss over time was found for passages (Stories). WM was intact. Children with comorbid ADHD/epilepsy displayed focused attention and STM/LTM problems consistent with both disorders, having the lowest scores across the four groups. Hence, focused attention and visual-spatial span appear to be affected in both disorders, whereas additional STM/encoding problems are specific to epilepsy. Children with comorbid ADHD/epilepsy have deficits consistent with both disorders, with slight additive effects. This study suggests that attention and memory testing should be a regular part of the evaluation of children with epilepsy and ADHD.     

Sustainable Environmental Development: The Moderating Role of Environmental Identity

This study develops and tests a model of Chinese residents' evaluation of government developmental activities based on identity theory and social exchange theory. The study proposes hypotheses regarding the influences of perceived benefits and environmental identity on residents' satisfaction with the government, the moderating role of environmental identity in the relationship between perceived benefits and satisfaction, and the effect of satisfaction on residents' support intentions. The model is tested with data collected from 474 residents of four cities in China. Results show environmental identity, along with perceived economic and environmental benefits, plays a very important role in residents' satisfaction with the government. The significant moderating role of environmental identity suggests differential effects of perceived benefits on satisfaction are observed based on the level of environmental identity. Satisfaction is found to be important for obtaining residents' support for the government and future environmental development. Implications of the study are discussed.     

基于文本阅读的间接接触也可改善公众对残疾人的态度

以镶嵌残疾人图片的正性行为描述性信息为文本阅读材料,以大学生为被试,采用概念启动范式,考察了健全人对残疾人态度改善的可能性.研究结果表明,阅读残疾人正性行为描述性材料不仅可以降低健全人对残疾人的负性认知评价,而且可以提高其对残疾人的钦佩感和减弱其对残疾人的嫌弃感,同时也可提高健全人对该类人群的积极趋近行为和减弱对该类人群的消极趋近和消极回避行为,从而证明基于文本阅读的间接接触可改善公众对残疾人的负性态度的假设.因此,创造条件鼓励残疾人尽力发挥其积极的社会功能,引导和塑造其身残志不残的品质,有助于改善健全人对该类人群的消极态度.     

住院医师医患沟通的问题及对策

医患沟通是新时代住院医师必须掌握的一门技能,是医学人文精神的体现。然而目前我国住院医师由于专业知识及技术的局限性,对医患沟通的认识存在着偏倚,以及我国医学教育缺乏沟通能力的培养,导致住院医师医患沟通能力缺乏,需要提高改善。本文基于当前医患关系以及住院医师医患沟通能力的现状,探讨为提高医疗服务质量,增进医患之间的相互理解和尊敬,创建和谐医疗关系,积极有效防范医疗纠纷,身为住院医师的我们应做些什么,做到什么。     

抗战时期内迁贵州医疗机构、院校与贵州的公共卫生事业发展

由于特殊的历史地理原因,抗战前贵州近代化事业推进缓慢,公共卫生事业发展更是滞后,抗日战争的爆发为贵州提供了发展契机。通过对原始文献的考证及文本分析,对抗日战争时期内迁贵州的多所医疗机构、医学院校与贵州公共卫生事业发展进行研究,以认识特定时期内迁机构与地方医学发展的关系。抗战时期内迁贵州医疗机构、医学院校传播现代医学知识,保障人民健康,参与公共卫生服务,为推动公共卫生事业的发展起到了积极作用。     

The Value of Integration: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Meets Ego Psychology in a Psychotherapy Group for Children

ABSTRACT

Psychotherapy integration requires us to look beyond the confines of a particular theoretical or technical approach towards other perspectives. Integrative work with children, in particular, meets the socio-emotional needs of the child while simultaneously modeling behaviors and skills. This paper presents an explicitly integrative approach to child group psychotherapy: Relationships. Individuals. Skills. Engagement (RISE) Group. We begin with an in-depth discussion of the RISE group structure illustrated by clinical examples (the “what”) followed by a review of the theory and treatment modalities that inform the approach (the “why” and “how”). The RISE group is grounded in two theoretical perspectives (psychoanalytic principles and ego psychology) and draws upon clinical techniques from multiple treatment modalities (including cognitive behavior therapy, psychodynamic play therapy and dialectical behavior therapy). Combined, the merger of these perspectives results in a multilevel intervention that forges pathways to mastery and competence within the child. Finally, we discuss the value and limitations of integration as applied to group psychotherapy for children.     

权重望寡：如何化解低地位领导的补偿性辱虐管理行为?

权力与地位来源不同且体验有别, 二者分离是常态。如果领导者手握权柄却缺乏相应的地位威望, 将限制其控制力, 产生潜在不良后果。基于低地位补偿理论, 构建一个两阶段调节的中介模型, 设计两项研究, 旨在探索领导者“权重望寡” (即权力高, 地位低)所诱发的负面领导行为及其干预机制。研究1揭示: 相对于权力与地位匹配, 领导者权重望寡诱发辱虐管理。研究2探索其成因, 显示: (1)自我损耗中介权重望寡与辱虐管理的关系; (2)领导者正念以及更高层领导信任联合调节自我损耗的中介效应。研究表明, 低地位领导在维护地位过程中产生的自我损耗是引发辱虐管理的主因, 同时辱虐管理强度因人而异, 适可而止, 自身正念和高层信任有助于限制其作为不良补偿手段的蔓延。研究拓展了低地位补偿理论的应用领域, 也为化解权力与地位分离带来的组织冲突提供管理启示。     

政治不平等的两个论证

政治平等被认为是现代社会的一个重要特征。以贝淡宁和白彤东为代表的贤能政治学者反对政治平等,提倡政治不平等。他们的论证依靠的是对政治共同体的目的论的特定解读,同时他们的论证可以重构为工具主义和非工具主义两种版本。本文通过对这两个版本的重构,指出政治不平等的工具主义论证面临政治权利作为基本福祉反驳和滑坡论证反驳,而政治不平等的非工具主义论证面临专家-老板谬误反驳和非目的论反驳。