动机谈话对高血压患者治疗依从性的影响

探讨动机谈话对高血压患者治疗依从性的影响.采用实验对照研究方法,采用动机谈话对高血压患者治疗依从性进行干预.结果干预组患者在服药、体力活动等依从性方面优于对照组.结论是动机谈话在改善患者治疗依从性方面是一种比较有效的干预措施.     

残疾儿童心理健康对家长亲职压力的影响:有调节的中介效应

为探讨残疾儿童心理健康与家长亲职压力的关系,揭示亲社会行为在残疾儿童情绪行为问题与家长亲职压力之间的中介作用,以及问题影响程度的调节效应,本研究采用短式亲职压力量表、长处和困难问卷分别对199名残疾儿童及其家长进行问卷调查,结果发现：（1）残疾儿童情绪行为问题对家长的亲职压力有显著的正向预测作用;（2）亲社会行为在残疾儿童情绪行为问题与亲职压力之间起着部分中介的作用;（3）问题影响程度能够调节该中介效应,当问题影响程度越小时,中介效应越显著。可见,亲社会行为能够缓冲残疾儿童情绪行为问题对家长亲职压力的负向影响,并且问题影响程度越小,这种缓冲作用越明显。     

记忆编码策略对心境一致性记忆的调节作用

情绪对记忆的影响会受记忆编码策略的调节。本研究通过2个实验探讨编码策略对心境一致性记忆的调节作用。实验1和实验2均采用2（编码策略：提取练习策略、重复学习策略）×2（词性：消极词、中性词）的实验设计,分别探讨了不同记忆编码策略对普通大学生（实验1）和非临床抑郁大学生（实验2）心境一致性记忆的影响。结果发现：无论是被成功诱导出抑郁情绪的普通大学生,还是非临床抑郁倾向大学生,使用重复学习策略时回忆出的消极词均显著多于中性词,表现出显著的心境一致性记忆,而使用提取练习策略时回忆出的消极词和中性词没有显著性差异,未表现出心境一致性记忆。实验结果表明,记忆编码策略对心境一致性记忆具有调节作用,提取练习策略能够抑制心境一致性记忆。研究结果指明了心境一致性记忆的边界条件,并对非临床抑郁个体的学习与记忆具有重要的启示。     

8~15岁儿童贫富观的发展特点及其与成人的比较

儿童贫富观是其价值观的重要体现,贫富观形成是儿童社会化进程中的重要方面,然而目前国内尚缺乏中国儿童贫富观的系统研究。本研究以8~9岁、11~12岁、14~15岁以及成人(主要为大学生,年龄为20.7±1.32岁)为研究对象(N=186),结合开放性问题和结构化问卷,考察他们对于贫富的感知、公平判断、归因以及对于缓解贫困对策的认识。结果发现:控制社会经济地位之后,(1)8~9岁儿童对贫富的认识局限于表面特征,11~12岁更关注心理特征,而成人提及系统特征的比例更高;(2)8~9岁儿童较其他年龄组更倾向于对贫富做不公平的判断;(3)在贫富的归因和缓解贫困的对策上,儿童和成人都认可个人因素的重要性,但成人更多关注国家政策和社会的影响,并且认为消除贫困是不可能的。中国儿童贫富观的发展与西方已有研究相比,既有共性也有文化特异性。     

子女数量与育龄母亲生活满意度的链式中介模型

为探讨子女数量与育龄母亲生活满意度之间的关系,以及教养压力和心理韧性在其中的中介作用,本研究采用教养压力问卷、心理韧性量表以及生活满意度问卷对490名小学生的母亲进行测量。结果表明：（1）子女数量与教养压力存在正相关,教养压力与心理韧性、生活满意度呈负相关,心理韧性与生活满意度正相关;（2）子女数量到育龄母亲生活满意度直接效应不显著,教养压力的独立中介效应与教养压力-心理韧性的链式中介效应显著。研究揭示了子女数量与育龄母亲的生活满意度的关系及其作用机制。     

Lines of advance in psychoanalytic psychotherapy

Freud's 1919 paper is taken as a starting-point to review how far we have advanced towards fulfilment of his prophetic remarks about the need to develop psychoanalytic psychotherapy for the masses. A glance is taken back to some of the circumstances and characters involved in Budapest where the paper was given at the 1918 congress, where there was much talk about the need to do something about the war neuroses. Similar pressures led to the founding of the Tavistock Clinic and Cassel Hospital in the UK, long before the start of the NHS. The pressures of both world wars advanced the applications of psychoanalysis; the next wave of pressures may come from NHS changes and entry into Europe. The history of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the UK is also considered via looking briefly at the history and development of psychoanalytic publications, of the Tavistock Clinic, of psychoanalytic training, of child psychotherapy and the emergence of adult (non-medical) psychotherapy. There have always been tensions between exponents of the pure gold of analysis and the needs of its wider applications. More flexible arrangements and boundaries are necessary if we are to spread psychoanalysis beyond London and to fulfil Freud's own hopes about the large-scale application of psychoanalytic therapy.     

Assessing Parenting Behaviors in Euro–Canadian and East Asian Immigrant Mothers: Limitations to Observations of Responsiveness

The use of parenting measures that are developed for use with Western families without testing their validity among families from non-Western cultural backgrounds may not be appropriate. Similar parenting behaviors may affect child outcomes in different ways across different cultures. This study examined the cross-cultural validity of an observational Maternal Responsiveness coding system and of self-reports of lax/inconsistent parenting in Euro–Canadian (n = 23) and East Asian immigrant mothers (n = 23) of 4- to 7-year-old sons. In Euro–Canadian mothers, observed parenting responsiveness was associated with less lax/inconsistent parenting and fewer child behavior problems. In East Asian immigrant mothers, however, observations of greater responsiveness were not related to reports of lax/inconsistent parenting, and were associated with greater child behavior problems. Implications for the use of these parenting measures across culture groups are discussed.     

Mentalization-Based Treatment

The concept of mentalizing has captured the interest and imagination of an astonishing range of people—from psychoanalysts to neuroscientists, from child development researchers to geneticists, from existential philosophers to phenomenologists—all of whom seem to have found it useful. According to the Thompson Reuter maintained Web of Science, the use of the term in titles and abstracts of scientific papers increased from 10 to 2,750 between 1991 and 2011. Clinicians in particular have enthusiastically embraced the idea, and have put it to innovative use in their practices. Mentalization-based treatment (MBT)—making mentalizing a core focus of therapy—was initially developed for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in routine clinical services delivered in group and individual modalities. Therapy with mentalizing as a central component is currently being developed for treatment of numerous groups, including people with antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, eating disorders, and at-risk mothers with infants and children (A. Bateman & Fonagy, 2011). It is also being used with families and adolescents, in schools, and in managing social groups (Asen & Fonagy, 2011; Fonagy et al., 2009; Twemlow, Fonagy, & Sacco, 2005a Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P. and Sacco, F. C. 2005a. A developmental approach to mentalizing communities: I. A model for social change. Bull. Menninger Clin, 69(4): 265–281. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2005b). In this article, we focus on MBT in the treatment of BPD.     

Parent-Child Interactions in Anxious Families

A considerable amount of research has examined factors associated with the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders in children. The familial nature of anxiety has been well-established, with genetic studies showing that approximately 30% of the variance is accounted for by genetic factors. Research into the family environment documents behavioral differences in interactions between non-anxious parent-child and anxious parent-child dyads, including less granting of autonomy, and parental withdrawal and disengagement. Recent theoretical work in the field of anxiety suggests that attachment models and coercive operant patterns could create a bi-directional coercive interaction pattern, similar to that seen in interactions of parents and aggressive children. The current study investigated parent and child behaviors coded from interaction tasks across four groups based on anxiety status: anxious parent/anxious child, non-anxious parent/anxious child, anxious parent/non-anxious child, and non-anxious parent/non-anxious child to empirically examine hypothesized interactive patterns. The study sample consisted of 158 parent-child (ages 3–12 years) dyads. Results support an interaction between parent and child anxiety on behavior within dyads. The current study provides an important step in identifying processes linked to familial anxiety.