子女数量与育龄母亲生活满意度的链式中介模型

为探讨子女数量与育龄母亲生活满意度之间的关系,以及教养压力和心理韧性在其中的中介作用,本研究采用教养压力问卷、心理韧性量表以及生活满意度问卷对490名小学生的母亲进行测量。结果表明：（1）子女数量与教养压力存在正相关,教养压力与心理韧性、生活满意度呈负相关,心理韧性与生活满意度正相关;（2）子女数量到育龄母亲生活满意度直接效应不显著,教养压力的独立中介效应与教养压力-心理韧性的链式中介效应显著。研究揭示了子女数量与育龄母亲的生活满意度的关系及其作用机制。     

综合医院住院患者心理问题筛查量表的初编及临床意义探讨

编制简明实用的住院患者心理问题筛查量表,有助于临床工作中对心理问题的鉴别和处理。采用完全随机抽样,对某三甲综合医院住院患者进行调查,通过统计分析形成了20个条目的筛查量表,Cronbach＇s Alpha系数为0．797,分半信度为0．666,效标效度分别为0．524、0．525、0．476,最佳分界值为6分,其灵敏度为84．40／0,特异度为54．6％,阳性预测值为20．87％,阴性预测值为96．09％,曲线下面积为0．740。量表条目质量及信度、效度符合测量学要求,适合在综合医院患者中进行临床试用。     

Lines of advance in psychoanalytic psychotherapy

Freud's 1919 paper is taken as a starting-point to review how far we have advanced towards fulfilment of his prophetic remarks about the need to develop psychoanalytic psychotherapy for the masses. A glance is taken back to some of the circumstances and characters involved in Budapest where the paper was given at the 1918 congress, where there was much talk about the need to do something about the war neuroses. Similar pressures led to the founding of the Tavistock Clinic and Cassel Hospital in the UK, long before the start of the NHS. The pressures of both world wars advanced the applications of psychoanalysis; the next wave of pressures may come from NHS changes and entry into Europe. The history of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the UK is also considered via looking briefly at the history and development of psychoanalytic publications, of the Tavistock Clinic, of psychoanalytic training, of child psychotherapy and the emergence of adult (non-medical) psychotherapy. There have always been tensions between exponents of the pure gold of analysis and the needs of its wider applications. More flexible arrangements and boundaries are necessary if we are to spread psychoanalysis beyond London and to fulfil Freud's own hopes about the large-scale application of psychoanalytic therapy.     

Assessing Parenting Behaviors in Euro–Canadian and East Asian Immigrant Mothers: Limitations to Observations of Responsiveness

The use of parenting measures that are developed for use with Western families without testing their validity among families from non-Western cultural backgrounds may not be appropriate. Similar parenting behaviors may affect child outcomes in different ways across different cultures. This study examined the cross-cultural validity of an observational Maternal Responsiveness coding system and of self-reports of lax/inconsistent parenting in Euro–Canadian (n = 23) and East Asian immigrant mothers (n = 23) of 4- to 7-year-old sons. In Euro–Canadian mothers, observed parenting responsiveness was associated with less lax/inconsistent parenting and fewer child behavior problems. In East Asian immigrant mothers, however, observations of greater responsiveness were not related to reports of lax/inconsistent parenting, and were associated with greater child behavior problems. Implications for the use of these parenting measures across culture groups are discussed.     

Mentalization-Based Treatment

The concept of mentalizing has captured the interest and imagination of an astonishing range of people—from psychoanalysts to neuroscientists, from child development researchers to geneticists, from existential philosophers to phenomenologists—all of whom seem to have found it useful. According to the Thompson Reuter maintained Web of Science, the use of the term in titles and abstracts of scientific papers increased from 10 to 2,750 between 1991 and 2011. Clinicians in particular have enthusiastically embraced the idea, and have put it to innovative use in their practices. Mentalization-based treatment (MBT)—making mentalizing a core focus of therapy—was initially developed for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in routine clinical services delivered in group and individual modalities. Therapy with mentalizing as a central component is currently being developed for treatment of numerous groups, including people with antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, eating disorders, and at-risk mothers with infants and children (A. Bateman & Fonagy, 2011). It is also being used with families and adolescents, in schools, and in managing social groups (Asen & Fonagy, 2011; Fonagy et al., 2009; Twemlow, Fonagy, & Sacco, 2005a Twemlow, S. W., Fonagy, P. and Sacco, F. C. 2005a. A developmental approach to mentalizing communities: I. A model for social change. Bull. Menninger Clin, 69(4): 265–281. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2005b). In this article, we focus on MBT in the treatment of BPD.     

Parent-Child Interactions in Anxious Families

A considerable amount of research has examined factors associated with the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders in children. The familial nature of anxiety has been well-established, with genetic studies showing that approximately 30% of the variance is accounted for by genetic factors. Research into the family environment documents behavioral differences in interactions between non-anxious parent-child and anxious parent-child dyads, including less granting of autonomy, and parental withdrawal and disengagement. Recent theoretical work in the field of anxiety suggests that attachment models and coercive operant patterns could create a bi-directional coercive interaction pattern, similar to that seen in interactions of parents and aggressive children. The current study investigated parent and child behaviors coded from interaction tasks across four groups based on anxiety status: anxious parent/anxious child, non-anxious parent/anxious child, anxious parent/non-anxious child, and non-anxious parent/non-anxious child to empirically examine hypothesized interactive patterns. The study sample consisted of 158 parent-child (ages 3–12 years) dyads. Results support an interaction between parent and child anxiety on behavior within dyads. The current study provides an important step in identifying processes linked to familial anxiety.     

Use of an Antecedent Intervention to Decrease Vocal Stereotypy of a Student With Autism in the General Education Classroom

This study examined the use of an antecedent-based intervention to reduce the vocal stereotypy of a student diagnosed with Autism within the general education classroom. The student displayed frequent nonfunctional speech and disruptive vocal sounds. An antecedent-based intervention, involving the use of qualitatively different cards—to cue the student when it was appropriate or inappropriate to engage in vocal stereotypy—was designed and implemented. An adaptive alternating treatment design was utilized and conditions were randomized and counterbalanced across treatment sessions. Data on vocal stereotypy were collected using partial interval recording. The results indicated the participant was successful in discriminating between cues and decreased stereotypy during intervention compared to baseline conditions. Similar findings were found when the intervention was implemented across a second school setting.     

血液的法律属性及其侵权责任归责原则刍议——兼论《侵权责任法》中“不合格血液”问题

通过对血液法律属性的法理分析,得出血液归属于产品或非产品均有可能不利于衡平各方权益的结论。立足《侵权责任法》等法律基础,分析责任归责原则,认为在严格责任原则基础上,适当考虑公平责任原则,可以较好地解决血液法律属性分歧所带来的司法困惑,能有效维护各方权益。     

肿瘤姑息治疗的全程介入

恶性肿瘤严重威胁人类健康,肿瘤本身以及针对肿瘤的治疗不仅会对患者的生理和心理产生重要影响,同时也会对照顾患者的家人产生各种心理影响。现有医疗条件下短时间内难以提高治愈率,就应更加注重将姑息治疗贯穿于肿瘤治疗的始终,不仅要及早介入,甚至延伸至居丧期。在肿瘤治疗过程中不断对肿瘤患者进行评估和适时调整姑息治疗策略,可有效地提高患者生活质量同时降低医疗成本,最终患者能够在不同阶段和各种治疗手段中获得最大受益。