Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in College Students: The Role of Perfectionism and Rumination

A paucity of research exists examining personality and cognitive characteristics that may contribute to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). The purpose of the current study was to clarify the contribution of perfectionism and rumination, along with depression and anxiety, to NSSI within a sample of 170 college students. Group comparisons revealed that participants with a history of NSSI endorsed significantly more rumination and depressive and anxious symptoms then non‐NSSI controls. Results regarding perfectionism were mixed, with NSSI participants differing from controls on select aspects of perfectionism. Results suggest higher levels of depression and anxiety and a ruminative cognitive style may increase vulnerability for NSSI; however, further research is needed to clarify the contribution of perfectionism.     

企业员工对团队领导的信任结构研究——基于IT企业团队的研究

基于IT企业任务复杂度和合作需求较高的现状,加强团队内信任成为管理中的一个重点。本研究在Mayer和Mcknight的信任模型基础上对IT企业员工的组织信任结构进行分析。对四家IT公司239人进行问卷调查,并用Amos5．0进行分析后得到拟合度良好的模型结构,结果显示：①个体信任倾向对员工信任意向的影响不显著;②个体信任倾向影响员工对领导的可信任性感知和基于企业制度的信任;③基于制度的信任显著影响对领导的可信任性感知,但是对信任意向的影响不显著;④对领导的可信任性感知显著影响个体的信任意向;⑤卷入度在基于制度的信任和对领导的可信任性感知之间起缓冲作用。     

居民健康指标体系研究

健康指标体系是居民健康状况和卫生服务系统能力建设的评价工具,也是制定健康战略与卫生规划的基本指南。基于国内外健康指标体系研究的基本情况,系统回顾和分析了健康相关指标体系的发展与应用状况,并总结了主要启示,以期为我国制定健康发展战略提供决策依据。     

《圣经》中希伯来医学文化探析

医学文化是希伯来文明的重要组成部分,是世界非物质文化遗产。在圣经时代,希伯来人的医学与宗教紧密结合。一些宗教戒律逐渐演变成希伯来的民俗和传统文化。希伯来人治疗心理疾病主要通过宗教仪式和祈祷求得上帝的拯救;在保健和预防疾病方面是保持圣洁。犹太教的一些戒律具有养生保健作用。犹太教在希伯来医学的发展中打下了深刻的烙印。     

一些传统药物为何退出“历史舞台”

一个与当前的社会热点问题——药品价格虚高问题同样重要的问题——许多安全有效的传统药物正在退出“历史舞台”的问题,应该引起社会各界的足够重视,传统药物不应被抛弃。因为人们对于传统药物的了解,无论是在药理作用上,还是在不良反应方面,都大大优于新药。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal differences in social dominance orientation and right wing authoritarianism as a function of political power and societal change

Changes in social dominance orientation (SDO) and right wing authoritarianism (RWA) over time were examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of three waves of survey data before and after the 2004 Presidential election in Taiwan. A functionalist perspective (or group socialization model) predicts that: (i) supporters of a dominant political group that has held power for over 50 years should be higher in SDO and RWA than their opposition; and (ii) a formerly subordinate group should increase in SDO and RWA following electoral victory, whereas the dominant group should decrease following defeat. The first hypothesis was supported, whereas support for the second was mixed; the low-powered group increased in SDO and RWA following victory, but the high-powered group was unchanged. It appears easier to acquire the mindset associated with power than to lose it. Longitudinal path modelling showed that SDO became less connected to identity and political party support after an election that consolidated societal and regime change; the role of RWA shifted even more dramatically, from being connected to one political party and social identity pre-election to an opposing one post-election. Longitudinal path models slightly favoured a group socialization account over personality or social identity accounts in modelling correlations between SDO, RWA, political party support, and social identities over time.     

汉语动宾结构惯用语加工的基本单元：来自词切分的证据

采用词切分范式研究汉语动宾结构惯用语的理解机制, 探讨在惯用语理解中加工的基本单元, 揭示汉语动宾结构惯用语的表征方式。研究发现, 词切分范式对语义分解性不同的惯用语有不同的影响。在空格切分的形式下, 语素切分和非语素切分抑制了对语义高分解的动宾结构惯用语的通达, 却未影响对语义低分解的动宾结构惯用语的理解; 语素切分、非语素切分和空格切分均增加了对语义高分解的惯用语的错误率。在阴影切分的形式下, 非语素切分抑制了对语义高分解的动宾结构惯用语的加工, 同样未影响对语义低分解的惯用语的理解。整个研究表明, 在汉语动宾结构惯用语的表征中, 既存在着语素单元, 也存在着整语单元, 但整语是汉语动宾结构惯用语加工的优势单元。     

竞争与情绪对顿悟的原型启发效应的影响

以汉字字谜为材料, 采用“原型学习-问题测试”范式, 考察不同竞争水平(高、中、低竞争强度和无竞争)情境下诱发的情绪效价(积极、中性和消极)对顿悟中的原型启发的影响。结果发现：1)竞争水平对字谜问题解决中的原型启发有显著影响, 低强度竞争水平最有利于靶字谜问题的解决, 中等强度和高强度下效果次之, 无竞争条件下效果最差; 2)诱发情绪对靶字谜问题解决的原型启发也有显著影响, 消极情绪和中性情绪下比积极情绪下靶字谜的正确率更高; 3)有无竞争与情绪效价之间的交互作用显著, 体现了竞争和情绪这两种动力相关因素在原型启发中的动力作用不是独立的。     

本族效应的认知神经机制

本族效应是指个体对本族面孔比异族面孔有更好的再认的现象。本族面孔和异族面孔诱发的N170、P200、N200与“DM”效应存在显著差异, 这些脑电成分与本族效应的编码有关, 即对异族面孔编码不充分是本族效应产生的部分原因; “新旧”效应主要从提取角度解释本族效应, 认为提取异族面孔比本族面孔困难。与本族效应有关的主要脑区有梭状回、扣带回与杏仁核等。此外, 丰富的本族面孔知觉经验也会造成本族面孔的右半球优势比异族面孔大。未来研究除了要继续探讨本族效应的某些脑电成分、关注本族效应消失的神经机制以外, 从整合观点探讨本族效应的神经机制也是未来的研究方向。