In two experiments, we examined whether observers' eye movements distinguish studied faces from highly similar novel faces. Participants' eye movements were monitored while they viewed three-face displays. Target-present displays contained a studied face and two morphed faces that were visually similar to it; target-absent displays contained three morphed faces that were visually similar to a studied, but not tested, face. On each trial in a test session, participants were instructed to choose the studied face if it was present or a random face if it was not and then to indicate whether the chosen face was studied. Whereas manipulating visual similarity in target-absent displays influenced the rate of false endorsements of nonstudied items as studied, eye movements proved impervious to this manipulation. Studied faces were viewed disproportionately from 1,000 to 2,000 ms after display onset and from 1,000 to 500 ms before explicit identification. Early viewing also distinguished studied faces from faces incorrectly endorsed as studied. Our findings show that eye movements provide a relatively pure index of past experience that is uninfluenced by explicit response strategies, and suggest that eye movement measures may be of practical use in applied settings. 相似文献
Journal of Religion and Health - In this fourth issue of the Journal of Religion and Health for 2022, four key themes are explored: (1) religious and spiritual issues in China, (2) gender-related... 相似文献
Caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience significant physical and emotional hardship with their child’s disease management. Little is known about the potential contributors to parenting stress in pediatric SCD. The present study aimed to identify child and caregiver biopsychosocial factors associated with disease-related parenting stress in pediatric SCD. Participants included 74 caregiver-youth dyads. Parenting stress was associated with increased child pain frequency, more missed school days, and increased healthcare utilization, and inversely correlated with caregiver mental health and social-emotional functioning. Parenting stress also partially explained the relationship between child pain frequency and healthcare utilization after controlling for parent depression and anxiety. Parenting stress may play a unique and critical role in pediatric SCD and underscore the impact parenting stress may have on youth in medical and academic settings. Further research is warranted to determine risk factors and appropriate interventions for parenting stress to improve comprehensive patient care.