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Zeavin LM 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2005,74(3):703-735
The author examines some of the dynamics associated with the shifting experience of knowing and not knowing as it arises in response to the pregnancy of the analyst. This experience, as well as the thinking process behind it, is ubiquitous in psychoanalytic work, but is particularly apparent in the work demanded by the analyst's pregnancy. An indepth case history is presented to illustrate the ways in which pregnancy in the analyst may powerfully revive important dimensions of the patient's past. 相似文献
115.
Research on the list strength effect (LSE) has shown that learning some words on a list more strongly than others impairs memory for the weakly learned words when tested with a recall task. Norman (2002) demonstrated that the LSE also occurs within the recollection process of a recognition test. In this study, a mechanistic dual-process account of the LSE was tested that simultaneously makes predictions concerning additional sources of context in interference effects. In two experiments, we attempted to replicate Norman's (2002) findings and provide the basis for our modeling efforts. We found evidence for a recollection LSE in raw measures of responding, with memory performance also benefiting from reinstatement of perceptual characteristics at test. However, large differences in the hits between the lists were accompanied by small differences in false alarms, such that when d' is calculated, differences between the lists are not significant. We propose an account of the LSE whereby the actual effect of competition between items on the list is small, although present, and difficult to distinguish from large effects of bias due to the strength manipulations. We argue that our findings provide support for a mechanistic explanation of LSE that is based on competition of source activation and changes in the thresholds for responses. 相似文献
116.
Despite the intense debate surrounding the use of orthographic analogy in the clue word paradigm, little is known about the skills and strategies children actually use and how these compare with their everyday reading of single words. This study, with 4- and 5-year-olds (N=125), supports previous work which suggests children rely on phonological, rather than orthographic, priming in the clue word task since children most frequently produced rhyming words in response to the clue word. The extent to which phoneme and rhyme-based skills, along with letter-sound knowledge, predicted children's performance in the analogy task and in a test of single word reading was contrasted and compared. Our findings suggested that the balance of skills which children drew upon was determined by the demands of the task. The implications of these findings for the validity of the 'orthographic'-analogy task and for teaching beginning readers is discussed. 相似文献
117.
The Strategy-Specific Nature of Improvement: The Power Law Applies by Strategy Within Task 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter F. Delaney Lynne M. Reder James J. Staszewski & Frank E. Ritter 《Psychological science》1998,9(1):1-7
If strategy shifts speed up performance, learning curves should show discontinuities where such shifts occur. Relatively smooth curves appear consistently in the literature, however. To explore this incongruity, we examined learning when multiple strategies were used. We plotted power law learning curves for aggregated data from four mental arithmetic experiments and then plotted similar curves separately for each participant and strategy. We then evaluated the fits achieved by each group of curves. In all four experiments, plotting separately by strategy produced significantly better fits to individual participants' data than did plotting a single power function. We conclude that improvement of solution time is better explained by practice on a strategy rather than practice on a task, and that careful assessment of trial-by-trial changes in strategy can improve understanding of the effects of practice on learning. 相似文献
118.
Lynne A. Texter Ph.D. Janine M. Mariscotti M.S.W. 《Journal of religion and health》1994,33(4):325-332
Illness irreversibly alters our lives and our relationships. More than a physical or psychological experience, the passage
of illness is an existential crisis that is potentially transformative for an individual and his or her loved ones. It is
through ritual enactment that we can most fully experience the transformative potential of illness. Rituals are common during
illness, but are underutilized for the critically-important reintegration period following acute illness, when personal, interpersonal,
and communal healing must occur. Pastoral counselors and others who comfort and counsel the sick and their loved ones should
encourage religious and secular ritual enactment to ease this passage. 相似文献
119.
Lynne Sanford Koester 《Infant and child development》1994,3(1):51-60
Studies of the early face-to-face interactions and later attachment behaviours between infants and their caregivers are reviewed, with a particular focus on implications for deaf infants. Since the majority of deaf infants are born to hearing parents, it is to be expected that many parental responses will rely on vocalizations which are inaccessible to the deaf infant. Are other sensory modalities enhanced or used in a compensatory manner by hearing parents so as to make their communication with a deaf infant more effective? Is the deaf infant's heightened need for visual and tactile input adequately met during normal interactions with their caregivers? Does the deaf infant develop the same strategies for signalling distress and coping with separation as does the hearing infant? Although the research literature on this population is sparse, there are beginning to be more reports addressing these questions as early identification becomes increasingly possible. Therefore, this paper will cover issues of the role of eye contact and mutual coordination in early interactions, compensatory parenting behaviours from the perspective of the ‘intuitive parenting’ model, and precursors to later attachment behaviours in deaf infants. 相似文献
120.
Lynne E. Curtis Alexander W. Siegel Nancy E. Furlong 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1981,31(3):456-469
In order to investigate the development of cognitive mapping of familiar large-scale environments. First-, fifth-, and eighth-grade children were asked to make bearing and distance estimates to six targets from three sighting locations in their school. Correlations between estimated and actual bearings and distances were extremely high at all grade levels, indicating that (a) children at all grade levels could reliably make such estimates, and (b) route knowledge of even the youngest children was quite high. Bearing accuracy increased between first- and fifth-grade and showed little improvement thereafter. Increases in a measure of configurational accuracy were found between first- and fifth-grade and between fifth- and eighth-grade. Differential accuracy as a function of the demands of particular sighting locations was found only for the younger children. 相似文献