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81.
Reder LM Oates JM Dickison D Anderson JR Gyula F Quinlan JJ Ferris JL Dulik M Jefferson BF 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2007,14(2):261-269
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment that usedmidazolam, a benzodiazepine that creates temporary amnesia, we compared acquisition and retention of paired associates of different
types. Some word pairs were studied before the injection of saline or midazolam, and two lists of word pairs were studied
after the injection. Critical comparisons involved retention of pairs that were practiced on all three lists, pairs studied
on only one list, and pairs that involved recombining cue and response terms from one list to the next, as a function of drug
condition. Previous research with benzodiazepines had found retrograde facilitation for material acquired prior to injection,
compared with the control condition. One explanation for this facilitation is that the anterograde amnesia produced by the
benzodiazepine frees up the hippocampus to better consolidate previously learned material (Wixted, 2004, 2005). We accounted
for a rich data set using a simple computational model that incorporated interference effects (cue overload) at retrieval
for both general (experimental context) interference and specific (stimulus term) interference without the need to postulate
a role for consolidation. The computational model as an Excel spreadsheet may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
82.
Working memory resources are needed for processing and maintenance of information during cognitive tasks. Many models have been developed to capture the effects of limited working memory resources on performance. However, most of these models do not account for the finding that different individuals show different sensitivities to working memory demands, and none of the models predicts individual subjects' patterns of performance. We propose a computational model that accounts for differences in working memory capacity in terms of a quantity called source activation , which is used to maintain goal-relevant information in an available state. We apply this model to capture the working memory effects of individual subjects at a fine level of detail across two experiments. This, we argue, strengthens the interpretation of source activation as working memory capacity. 相似文献
83.
Colin A. Espie William R. Lindsay Lynne C. Espie 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1989,11(1):71-79
A comparison is presented of insomniacs' self-reported sleep pattern and objectively monitored sleep using the Sleep Assessment Device (SAD; Kelley & Lichstein, 1980). Analysis of 110 subject nights revealed modest but significant subjective overestimates of both sleep latency and sleep duration which were accounted for by the demands of the task (i.e., longer time periods are harder to estimate accurately). Correlations between self-report and SAD measures were, however, consistently high, suggesting that self-report may be a valid index of sleep disturbance. Results are discussed with reference to the clinician's task in evaluating sleep complaints.This research stury was supported by a grant from the Research Fund of Lanarkshire Health Board, Scotland. 相似文献
84.
Visualization of scientific data that are not normally visible can be greatly enhanced by understanding human visual perception. Mars the Movie illustrated the use of stereo resolution for producing realistic vistas of the Mars surface. The real-time recording and analysis of eyeball-tracking data is another example of human vision research which benefits from high-performance computing. Currently the bottleneck is not in the hardware but in the available software to transform data efficiently. 相似文献
85.
To assess the importance of life goals and relationships, a specially designed Life Goals Scale was administered to 303 university students (200 women and 103 men). Women's average ratings for relationships exceeded those of men. Men and women did not differ in average importance ratings of goals nor in tendency to sacrifice goals for a heterosexual relationship. Seventy-three percent were willing to sacrifice a majority of their goals for the relationship. The goal vs. relationship choices were influenced by sex role orientation, by dating status, and by the importance of marriage. Gender, age, year in school, parents' marital status, and grade point average were unrelated to goal vs. relationship choices. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated different predictors of goal vs. relationship choices for men and women. 相似文献
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87.
The Changing Self: Using Personal Documents to Study Lives 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT In this paper we describe a technique for coding expressions of preoccupation with aspects of the adult self in personal documents and retrospective autobiographical writings In particular we explore the value of this approach by analyzing themes of identity, intimacy, and generativity expressed in Vera Brittain's diary and correspondence, written during her adolescence in World War I, and in her retrospective autobiographical account of that period in her life Analyses aim to use Erikson's theory of personality development to describe her psychological experience at the time and to compare that account with the later one 相似文献
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