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201.
In two experiments, we investigated the role of perceptual information in spurious recognition judgments. Participants viewed
lists of words in various unusual fonts. The frequency with which each font was presented was manipulated at study: Each font
was presented with 1 or 12 different words in Experiment 1 and with 1 or 20 words in Experiment 2. Although the participants
were instructed in a word recognition test to judge only on the basis of the word, regardless of font, there were significantly
more false alarms for new words seen in a previously presented font than for new words presented in a novel (not seen at study)
font in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the participants were significantly more likely to make a false alarm to a new word
seen in a font that had been used to present 20 words during study than to a font that had been used to present only 1 word
during study. The data show a mirror effect, in which words tested in low-frequency fonts produced more hits and fewer false
alarms than did words tested in high-frequency fonts. These results show that irrelevant perceptual information plays a role
in recognition judgments by providing spurious sources of familiarity and, thus, provide evidence that perceptual information
is represented and processed in the same way as semantic information. 相似文献
202.
The long-term effect of two parent training programs for conduct problem preschoolers is reported. Families of 54 behaviorally disturbed preschool-aged children were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment conditions: standard Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (STD), an abbreviated form of PCIT (ABB), and a no-treatment waitlist control group (WL). Of the families who completed treatment (STD and ABB), data were collected on 97% and 94% of families at 1- and 2-year follow-up, respectively. Follow-up assessment of parent report and independent observations indicated that treatment gains were largely maintained for both treatment conditions with little difference between the two treatments. The findings suggest that an abbreviated form of PCIT has long-term benefits for families with young children displaying early conduct problems. 相似文献
203.
Postmodern perspectives of body piercing and tattooing interpret these as signifiers of the self and attempts to attain mastery and control over the body in an age of increasing alienation. In this exploratory study, 79 adolescent females, ages 15 to 18 (M = 16.08, SD = 1.36), completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI; Coopersmith, 1981), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, 1978), the Body Investment Scale (BIS; Orbach & Mikulincer, 1998), and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2; Spielberger, 1996). Analyses revealed that body piercings and tattoos were significantly correlated with trait anger (Angry Reaction subscale scores). A multiple regression analysis indicated that three of the dependent variables (Trait Anger-Reaction, BDI, and Feeling subscale of the BIS) were predictors of the total number of body piercings and tattoos. 相似文献
204.
Cooper ML 《Journal of personality》2002,70(6):757-782
This special issue of the Journal of Personality is predicated on the assumption that close relationships provide the central stage for the drama of human experience. This all-important context both shapes and conditions the expression of personality, and thus must play an integral role in any truly adequate account of human behavior. The importance of this agenda is perhaps overshadowed only by its difficulty. Contributions to the present issue, therefore, take stock of past research, highlight current state-of-the-art research, and offer a vision of the next generation of research on personality and close relationships. The conceptual and methodological approaches highlighted in this issue remain faithful to the dynamic, interdependent, and multilayered nature of the processes linking personality and close relationships. 相似文献
205.
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207.
The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a physical activity intervention which combined behavior-change strategies with a variety of physical activities for 30 sedentary adults in a 12-wk. intervention that included behavior-change strategy sessions and supervised physical activity. Before and after the intervention, psychological and physiological variables were measured. Statistically significant changes right after the intervention included (1) an increase in physical activity participation, (2) an increase in muscular endurance, flexibility, and predicted VO2 max, and (3) a decrease in the number of barriers to physical activity. Changes in physical self-perception, a psychological variable often linked to increased physical activity, were not statistically significant, but effect sizes were large. The use of behavior-change strategies in conjunction with a variety of physical activities may be useful in improving physical and psychological well-being in previously sedentary adults. Stability of change requires study. 相似文献
208.
Waganesh A. Zeleke Lynne S. Koester Gabriella Lock 《Journal of child and family studies》2018,27(5):1428-1439
Internationally-adopted children experience a range of challenges as they cope with the demands of everyday functioning and strive to develop a healthy identity. Research shows that family context such as parenting practices impact the level of adoptees' adjustment and their eventual identity development. In this study, we examined the process of how relationships are built between Ethiopia adoptees and their adoptive families within the new family setting. Using data obtained through semi-structured interviews, a brief survey, and focus group discussion from 25 North American families who adopted 35 Ethiopia children, we conducted a systematic content analysis to examine parents' way of being, way of understanding, and way of intervening. Based on results of this study, we provide a framework that explains the dynamic of Ethiopian adoptees' existence and belonging from pre- to post-adoption in the adoptive family. Implications for future research regarding the need for multiculturally competent parenting practices and family level strategies to reduce barriers to the child and parent relationship are addressed. 相似文献
209.
Re‐examination of Oostenbroek et al. (2016): evidence for neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion 下载免费PDF全文
Andrew N. Meltzoff Lynne Murray Elizabeth Simpson Mikael Heimann Emese Nagy Jacqueline Nadel Eric J. Pedersen Rechele Brooks Daniel S. Messinger Leonardo De Pascalis Francys Subiaul Annika Paukner Pier F. Ferrari 《Developmental science》2018,21(4)
The meaning, mechanism, and function of imitation in early infancy have been actively discussed since Meltzoff and Moore's (1977) report of facial and manual imitation by human neonates. Oostenbroek et al. (2016) claim to challenge the existence of early imitation and to counter all interpretations so far offered. Such claims, if true, would have implications for theories of social‐cognitive development. Here we identify 11 flaws in Oostenbroek et al.'s experimental design that biased the results toward null effects. We requested and obtained the authors’ raw data. Contrary to the authors’ conclusions, new analyses reveal significant tongue‐protrusion imitation at all four ages tested (1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks old). We explain how the authors missed this pattern and offer five recommendations for designing future experiments. Infant imitation raises fundamental issues about action representation, social learning, and brain–behavior relations. The debate about the origins and development of imitation reflects its importance to theories of developmental science. 相似文献
210.