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近30年来,历史学家们着手研究人身表象中所发生的变化。在这方面,米歇尔·福柯发挥了很大作用,他坚持说西方的个人主义问题是由出现在诸如监狱或者性生活等迥然不同领域的人身惩戒的新法则构建的。我们不能无视福柯的著作,但为了了解人身的权利,本文将采取一个不同的路径,即以人身的独立性、不可侵犯性和自律性概念为中心,因为它们构成在诸如肖像艺术或者司法刑讯等如此多样领域里见到的人身特征。在《监视与惩罚》中,福柯分析了监狱的惩罚实践,但十分明确地坚持说学校、医院、工厂和兵营本质上都使用同样的方法。所有这些机构设置了一种“… 相似文献
963.
Stephen J. Read Lynn C. Miller Paul Robert Appleby Mary E. Nwosu Sadina Reynaldo Ada Lauren Anila Putcha 《人类交流研究》2006,32(1):1-34
A socially optimized learning approach, which integrates diverse theoretical perspectives, places men who have sex with men (MSM) in an interactive virtual environment designed to simulate the emotional, interpersonal, and contextual narrative of an actual sexual encounter while challenging and changing MSM's more automatic patterns of risky responses. MSM assume a character's identity and are scaffolded in their decision‐making and relearning process by supportive, and often humorous, peer coaches who encourage situated learning of self‐regulatory and behavioral skills, and tailor and frame their responses to be responsive to the men's behavioral choices. In a longitudinal design, participants were randomly assigned to receive either an interactive video (IAV) intervention with peer counseling or to a peer‐counseling‐alone control. Compared to the counseling alone, men who also received the IAV reduced risky anal sex behaviors and increased protected anal sex behaviors. 相似文献
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This prospective study of children with recurrent abdominal pain (N=133; ages 8--15 years) used path analysis to examine relations among dispositional pain beliefs and coping styles, cognitions and behavior related to a specific pain episode, and short- and long-term outcomes. Children believing they could not reduce or accept pain appraised their episode-specific coping ability as low and reported passive coping behavior. Dispositional passive coping had direct effects on both episode-specific passive coping and long-term symptoms and disability. Accommodative coping (acceptance and self-encouragement) was associated with reduced episode-specific distress, which itself predicted reduced depressive symptoms 3 months later. Results suggest that coping-skill interventions for children with chronic pain should target reductions in passive coping and consider the potential benefits of accommodative coping strategies. 相似文献
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Bonnie Lynn Webber 《Cognitive Science》1978,2(4):385-390
In his recent article “Verbs, Time and Modality,” M. J. Steedman (1977) proposes a recursive scheme for identifying the aspectual character of a proposition. The purpose of this squib is to point out some faults and gaps in that account that may suggest some interesting directions for future research. 相似文献
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Sunghan Kim Lynn Hasher 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2005,58(1):120-133
Previous work showed that older adults' choice performance can be wiser than that of younger adults (Tentori, Osherson, Hasher, & May, 2001). We contrasted two possible interpretations: a general expertise/wisdom view that suggests that older adults are generally more skilled at making decisions than younger adults and a domain-specific expertise view that suggests that older adults are more skilled decision makers only in domains in which they have greater knowledge. These hypotheses were contrasted using attraction effect tasks in two different domains: earning extra credit in a course and grocery shopping, domains presumed to be of different levels of knowledge to younger and older adults. Older adults showed consistent choice for both domains; younger adults showed consistent choice only for the extra credit problem. Several explanations of these findings are considered, including Damasio's somatic marker theory and age differences in reliance on heuristic versus analytic styles. 相似文献
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