浅谈恙虫病的几点认识

恙虫病是自然疫源性急性传染病。通过恙虫病医疗实践，谈几点个人认识：恙虫病流行与该疫源地区鼠类活动有关；恙虫病疫源地会因气候变化而变更；重视恙虫病准确而及时诊断，尽量减少病人疾苦；恙虫病立克次体对人单核-吞噬细胞系统有特别的亲嗜性与专性细胞内寄生，是其临床病理基础；用氯霉素联合双黄连治疗恙虫病可获满意效果。     

Occupational stress in clinical nurses

The present study was based on an integrative work stress model proposed by Cooper and his associates (Cooper et al., 1988), which focused on stress perception and outcomes, as well as potential moderating variables such as personality and coping efforts. Specifically, this article examines occupational stress in clinical nurses who worked in various hospitals in southern Taiwan. When compared with Chinese industrial white and blue-collar workers, nurses experienced higher work stress, more physical and mental ill-health, lower job satisfaction, and also made more efforts to cope with work stress. There were also some interesting differences in types of stressors experienced by nurses and industrial workers.     

新农村和谐家庭建设的伦理维度

新农村和谐家庭的建设是乡村社会和谐与稳定的重要基础和新农村建设的内在要求;构建农村和谐家庭要以建立民主平等的家庭关系、培育良好的家风、确立健康文明的家庭生活方式、建设先进的和谐家庭文化等为基本内涵;推进农村和谐家庭建设,必须从培养提高农民的科学文化素质,充实加强家庭经济基础,巩固强化家庭道德基础等几个方面入手.     

执行功能与数量加工：回顾与展望

回顾了执行功能与数量加工之间的复杂关系。其中,执行功能的4个子系统——抑制、转换、刷新和双任务协调对数量加工的影响各不相同：抑制可以在一定程度上改变数量加工时的自动激活程度;转换功能则主要依赖注意来进行调节;刷新与数量加工关系的研究成果比较少;而双任务协调与数量加工之间的联系存在争论。文章最后分3个方面进行了研究趋势的展望,认为未来执行功能与数量加工的研究将突破相关研究的局限,通过更精巧的设计和大量特殊被试的研究取得突破性进展。     

注意分配与注意选择能力的年龄差异比较

为了考察注意能力的年龄差异,分别从注意分配能力和注意选择能力两个方面对青年和老年被试的表现进行了比较。结果表明：青、老年在注意分配能力上没有显着的差异;而青、老年在注意选择能力上却有显着的差异,老年的注意选择能力有显着的衰退。因此,注意能力衰退对认知年老化的影响可能更主要的是来自于注意控制能力的衰退。     

左前额叶参与非相关词对的语义编码过程──来自光学成像的佐证

通过研究左前额叶在非相关同对的语义编码过程中的作用,探讨近红外光学成像技术用于脑高级认知活动检测的可行性。被试在两种实验条件下分别学习视觉呈现的20个汉字非相关词对,要求被试或将词对组成一个有意义的句子(深加工),或判断两个词是否具有相同的结构组合(浅加工)。光学成像器即时记录连续光透过额骨及前额皮层后760nm和850nm的漫射光强变化,以此推测相应脑组织的血容量变化。结果表明,与浅加工相比,左下前额叶在深加工时的血容量增多,尤其是背外侧部分。     

论信、信念、信仰、宗教信仰的特征及意义

“信”植根于人性之中并且是人之生存、思考和行动的基础。研究信、信念、信仰、宗教信仰的含义、特点及其相互关系具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。信仰作为一种具有超越性的人生终极价值,在很大程度上是和宗教观念联系在一起的。宗教信仰具有个体性、选择性、神圣性等特征。信仰(包括宗教信仰)对人生的重大影响主要表现在:为人生提供终极的基础;为人们提供价值体系中的“应当的应当”;对道德进行聚合和圣化;给人生带来无限的希望;使人生获得真正的自由。     

基于印象管理量表的反应模式筛查故意作假者

社会称许性反应由两个成分组成:自我欺骗(无意识地夸大反应)和印象管理(有意识地歪曲作答)。采用实验研究范式和Mixed Rasch Model,探讨二者在BIDR印象管理量表上的得分及作答模式差异。结果发现,当发生印象管理时,量表分数高于仅发生自我欺骗时的分数,且被试倾向选择极端反应。进而采用logistic回归对量表分数划定分界线,将高于分数线的被试认定为故意作假者,低于分界线的被试认定为仅发生了自我欺骗,没有故意作假。     

“Seeing-in” and twofold empathic intentionality: a Husserlian account

In recent years, the phenomenological approach to empathy becomes increasingly influential in explaining social perception of other people. Yet, it leaves untouched a related and pivotal question concerning the unique and irreducible intentionality of empathy that constitutes the peculiarity of social perception. In this article, I focus on this problem by drawing upon Husserl’s theory of image-consciousness, and I suggest that empathy is characterized by a “seeing-in” structure. I develop two theses so as to further explicate the seeing-in structure in question: first, empathy as a phenomenologically sui generis act is an intentional fusion of both presentation and re-presentation; and second, empathic intentionality is in essence twofold in that it is at once directed at both the other’s sensuously given body and the other’s non-sensuously given mentality. In this light, I argue that empathy is better conceived as a quasi-perceptual act that is fundamentally different from external perception simpliciter and other complex acts such as signitive, recollective and imaginative intention.     

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex 5-HT6 receptors regulate anxiety-like behavior

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a very important role in decision-related and anxiety-related information processing. It has enriched 5-HT6 receptors; however, the precise role of dmPFC 5-HT6 receptors in anxiety remains to be fully investigated. In this study, we injected dmPFC with the 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088 and antagonist SB 271046 using stereotactic technology. 5-HT6 receptor activation in mice increased time spent in the center area on the open-field test, increased exploration of the open arms on the elevated plus maze test, and increased ratio on the social interaction test. 5-HT6 receptor inactivation induced the opposite effects. In brain slices, EMD 386088 decreased both spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), while SB 271046 only increased sEPSC. These effects of EMD 386088 and SB 271046 could be reversed by the GABA_A receptor antagonist bicuculline (BMI) and positive allosteric modulator clonazepam (CLZ), respectively. Our results suggest that neurotransmission in the dmPFC by 5-HT6 receptor activation and inhibition may play an important role in anxiety-like behavior, and may provide new insight into the pathological mechanism and potential target of anxiety disorders.