注意受情绪信息影响的实验范式

研究显示情绪信息对注意会产生特殊的影响,主要表现为个体特别是某些患有情绪障碍的个体对情绪信息存在注意偏向或注意增强现象。该文围绕该问题,主要介绍情绪Stroop实验、点探测实验、线索提示实验、情绪条件反射实验以及快速序列视觉呈现实验等多个实验范式的研究方法和结果,并分析今后的发展趋势。     

Initial Encounters of Young Men and Women: Impressions and Disclosure Estimates

The purpose of this study was to explore the expectation that, in conversations between unacquainted men and women, men would disclose more than women and would create a positive impression in so doing. In 8-min, relatively unstructured conversations, both men and women (N=301) perceived themselves and their partners as disclosing approximately the same amount. For both sexes, the more their partners disclosed, the more favorably they rated their partners on social attractiveness and positive attributes. Moreover, both sexes believed that the more they disclosed themselves, the more positively their partners evaluated them. However, the strength of this relationship was significantly stronger for men than for women. Neither sex conformed to the expectation that men should disclose more, but both may have believed to some extent that their partners were evaluating them in accord with this expectation.     

The Effect of Pinyin Input Experience on the Link Between Semantic and Phonology of Chinese Character in Digital Writing

With the development of ICT, digital writing is becoming much more common in people’s life. Differently from keyboarding alphabets directly to input English words, keyboarding Chinese character is always through typing phonetic alphabets and then identify the glyph provided by Pinyin input-method software while in this process which do not need users to produce orthography spelling, thus it is different from traditional written language production model based on handwriting process. Much of the research in this domain has found that using Pinyin input method is beneficial to Chinese characters recognition, but only a small part explored the effects of individual’s Pinyin input experience on the Chinese characters production process. We ask whether using Pinyin input-method will strengthen the semantic-phonology linkage or semantic-orthography linkage in Chinese character mental lexicon. Through recording the RT and accuracy of participants completing semantic-syllable and semantic-glyph consistency judgments, the results found the accuracy of semantic-syllable consistency judgments in high Pinyin input experienced group was higher than that in low-experienced group, and RT was reversed. There were no significant differences on semantic-glyph consistency judgments between the two groups. We conclude that using Pinyin input method in Chinese digital writing can strengthen the semantic-phonology linkage while do not weakening the semantic-orthography linkage in mental lexicon at the same time, which means that Pinyin input method is beneficial to lexical processing involving Chinese cognition.     

数列推理项目的难度模型构建

研究基于数列推理项目的认知模型归纳整合和丰富了数列推理项目的刺激特征,基于这些刺激特征生成了92个数列题目,组成四套不同的测验,共给466名学生施测。结果表明:测验的EAP信度为0.87,其中双层运算项目适合高水平能力被试;刺激特征及其交互作用显著影响题目难度;使用LLTM模型构建项目难度模型,该模型可以有效预测项目难度,预测项目难度和实测项目难度的相关为0.85。这说明研究选择和拓展的刺激特征能够显著增加和预测题目的难度。     

Validation of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in a sample of Chinese adolescents

We sought to validate the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in a sample of Chinese adolescents and investigate differences in eating behaviors among Chinese normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents. Chinese middle and high school students completed the DEBQ, Eating Disorder Inventory-1, and the Self-Control Scale. Result showed that the DEBQ had good internal consistency, test–retest reliability and criterion validity. Furthermore, the obese and overweight adolescents scored significantly higher than normal weight adolescents on three subscales. The DEBQ is effective for assessing eating behaviors in Chinese adolescents.     

道教与赣南客家人的丧葬礼仪--以于都县为例的研究

道教与客家人的民俗活动息息相关.然而,关于道教与赣南客家人丧葬礼仪关系的论述,目前尚少见.于都是赣南中部一个典型的客家县份,由于受周边客家县市的影响,这里保存和流传着许多传统习俗,其中丧葬礼仪的习俗保留得较为完整,也颇有特色.本文即以于都县为例,就道教与客家人丧葬礼仪的关系问题展开研究.文章采用文献资料和田野调查资料相互结合参证的办法,从介绍于都道教的渊源、派系及教义入手,进而分析于都丧葬礼仪的仪式过程及散居正一道士在其中的作用;并就于都丧葬礼仪的特点、长期存在的原因及其功能和消极面进行了探讨,提出了几点粗浅的看法,以求教于学界同人.     

精神分裂症患者的情绪调节

日常生活中, 个体通常有不同的理想与目标, 当个体被特定的目标驱动, 试图去影响自身将要体验到的情绪类别、将要体验到的情绪感受发生的时间, 以及如何体验、表达此种情绪时, 情绪调节就发生了。精神分裂症是一种复杂的精神疾病, 该类疾病患者普遍存在情绪方面的缺陷, 通过操控各种内外因素, 可以帮助精神分裂症患者进行有效的情绪调节, 有利于帮助他们构建健全的情绪体验, 对促进其身心健康发展具有现实临床意义。     

进化心理学关于反乱伦情感的研究

本文评介了利伯曼等进化心理学者对人类反乱伦情感的研究。他们把人类乱伦退避机制纳入人类亲属识别机制的框架,认为数据支持这一理论框架,并且人类乱伦退避机制的发生不存在敏感期。文章主张把＂是否有年龄差距在3岁以内的兄弟姐妹＂纳入利伯曼等人的亲属识别框架,进一步检验敏感期是否存在;对进化心理学抱以宽容的态度或许更为合适;不宜用科学哲学思想排斥进化心理学。     

高特质愤怒个体对负性情绪面孔注意偏向的实验研究

摘 要：目的 探讨高特质愤怒个体是否对负性情绪面孔有注意偏向。方法 采用点探测任务,比较高低特质愤怒个体（高特质愤怒组23人,低特质愤怒组23人）对不同性质情绪面孔同异侧探测符号反应时的差异。结果 重复测量方差分析发现存在面孔性质边缘主效应（F=2.462,p=.073）及组别与面孔性质的交互效应,探测位置主效应（F=5.089,p=.029）及组别与探测位置的交互效应,组别、面孔性质与探测位置的交互效应。进一步分析发现,高特质愤怒组对愤怒面孔同侧探测刺激反应时显著快于异侧反应时[（386.12±50.09）ms VS.(403.33±59.39)ms,F=17.050,p=.000],快乐面孔同侧探测刺激反应时显著慢于异侧反应时[（396.88±53.87）ms VS.(38.78±41.06)ms,F=18.200,p=.000）],低特质愤怒组被试不同性质面孔同异侧反应时无显著差异。结论 高特质愤怒个体对与愤怒相关刺激存在注意偏向。     

影响城市流动儿童自我认同的因素探析

目的：探索城市流动儿童自我认同现状及与家庭因素,亲子依恋和安全感的关系。方法：使用自我认同问卷,亲子依恋问卷,安全感问卷对四川省成都市五所打工子弟学校329名中小学生进行调查。结果：父亲文化程度（?=-0.123）、父母感情关系（?=0.107）、消极性依恋和依赖性依恋（?=-0.137、?=0.102）、人际安全感、确定安全感(?=0.338、?=0.202)可以解释流动儿童自我认同方差变异的35%。结论：不安全亲子依恋关系和流动儿童感受到的不安全感对其自我认同有较大的影响。