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161.
注意分配与注意选择能力的年龄差异比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了考察注意能力的年龄差异,分别从注意分配能力和注意选择能力两个方面对青年和老年被试的表现进行了比较。结果表明:青、老年在注意分配能力上没有显着的差异;而青、老年在注意选择能力上却有显着的差异,老年的注意选择能力有显着的衰退。因此,注意能力衰退对认知年老化的影响可能更主要的是来自于注意控制能力的衰退。 相似文献
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163.
该文主要论述了类比推理的认知过程及其计算模型。文章对类比推理的概念进行了分析,论述了类比推理的主要成分和认知过程,并进一步围绕类比推理的重要成分介绍了当前类比推理的主要实证研究及研究成果,在此基础上文章进一步概括了类比推理的主要计算模型。 相似文献
164.
The present study examined children's and adults' categorization and moral judgment of truthful and untruthful statements. 7‐, 9‐ and 11‐year‐old Chinese children and college students read stories in which story characters made truthful or untruthful statements and were asked to classify and evaluate the statements. The statements varied in terms of whether the speaker intended to help or harm a listener and whether the statement was made in a setting that called for informational accuracy or politeness. Results showed that the communicative intent and setting factors jointly influence children's categorization of lying and truth‐telling, which extends an earlier finding (Lee & Ross, 1997) to childhood. Also, we found that children's and adults' moral judgments of lying and truth‐telling were influenced by the communicative intent but not the setting factor. The present results were discussed in terms of Sweetser's (1987) folkloristic model of lying. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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166.
我国企业魅力型领导的特质结构研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为探讨我国魅力型领导的特质结构,采用开放式问卷调查了209名企业管理者和员工.内容分析发现,我国魅力型领导包括7类特质.据此编制了魅力型领导特质问卷,调查回收有效问卷107份,探索性因素分析显示魅力型领导是一个5因素结构.用结构方程模型对305份有效问卷的数据分析,结果显示我国企业魅力型领导的特质结构是一个一阶五因素模型. 相似文献
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168.
When someone is criticized for some failure or deficiency, he or she is faced with a dilemma about whether or how to respond. To date, most research on responses to criticism has adopted a communication approach and has focused on general social complaints. The present study instead adopted the perspective of stress and coping and aimed to delineate possible responses to criticism pertaining to one's physical appearance. We investigated the efficacy of three coping styles, namely acceptance, avoidance, and retaliation in explaining emotional reactions towards such criticism, and we additionally controlled for personality characteristics, in particular assertion and harmony beliefs. A sample of Taiwanese university students (N = 300) was surveyed for their coping styles and psychological outcomes, and personality traits were examined as possible predictors of response options. We found that (1) acceptance, retaliation, and avoidance were three broad coping styles in this problematic social situation; (2) the individual trait of assertion was negatively related to the use of avoidance, while harmony beliefs were positively related to acceptance and avoidance, but negatively related to retaliation; and (3) the use of acceptance and avoidance were positively related to positive emotions, whereas retaliation was positively related to negative emotions. Males tended to use more acceptance. Implications of these findings were discussed in relation to existing studies of communication, stress and coping. Possible influences of the Chinese collectivist culture on people's responses to criticism were also delineated, such as valuing interpersonal harmony and face-work in social situations. 相似文献
169.
主流的社会认知理论对他人身体持有一种观察性立场,并认为他人身体之于他人心灵乃是某种无意义的、因而是待解释的物理现象。本文认为这是一种过于简化的、并且是植根于对象化立场的解释;与之相对,我们需要对他人身体行为的被给予性模式作更精确的刻画。为此,本文重构了胡塞尔关于他人身体与心灵作为"表达之统一体"的格式塔理论,并进一步分析了梅洛-庞蒂有关身体表达的四个操作性概念,从而揭示出身体表达的生发性特征。 相似文献
170.
Hierarchical factor analyses involving Schmid-Leiman transformations (Schmid & Leiman, 1957) were conducted on specific cognitive abilities data collected in a sample of 148 identical (MZ) and 135 same-sex fraternal (DZ) twin pairs. Two main questions were addressed: First, are genetic influences on specific cognitive abilities simply a reflection of their g loading, or are different sets of genes affecting separate abilities? Second, to the extent that specific cognitive abilities are affected by common genetic variance, how similar is the common genetic factor to a phenotypic factor reflecting g? Model fitting results suggest that genetic influences on specific abilities are a reflection of both general intelligence and genetic influences specific to separate abilities and that loadings on the common genetic factor are more highly correlated with phenotypic g loadings than are common environmental factor loadings. 相似文献