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371.
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Wang Lin Luo Yunchao Lin Hongwei Xu Nuo Gu Yiru Bu Haixia Bai Yali Li Zhongqiu 《Animal cognition》2023,26(2):415-423
Animal Cognition - Brain lateralization, a trait ubiquitous in vertebrates and invertebrates, refers to structural differences between the left and right sides of the brain or to the left and right... 相似文献
373.
During the COVID-19 pandemic people had to gauge their personal health risks in order to decide which protective behaviors to adopt. We explored whether mortality risk perceptions varied by demographic background. Using data from a nationally representative U.S. survey, we analyzed bi-weekly mortality estimates of 8339 individuals from 1 April 2020 to 21 July 2021. Consistent with a White Male Effect, White men estimated the risk of death to be lower than White women, non-White men, and non-White women. Furthermore, when linking those estimates to the actual risk of dying from COVID-19, as reflected in official fatality rates recorded by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), White men were indeed less likely to die from the coronavirus than would be expected based on their proportion of the populations. In contrast, deaths in non-White men and non-White women were higher than would be expected. Thus, subjective risk perceptions tracked objective mortality risks. Because White men tend to disproportionally hold positions with high decision-making power, although biased risk estimates may be less likely to have negative consequences for themselves, they may be especially detrimental to those for whom such decisions are made. 相似文献
374.
Ting Li Suiqing Li Bingjie Li Zhixin Zhang Yuejia Luo Chunliang Feng 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(6):e12756
Uncertainty is a fundamental aspect of human social life. Based on fruitful findings, the current review aims to establish a schema that outlines the relationship between uncertainty and human social decision-making: the influences of uncertainty on social decision-making (mainly prosocial behaviors) and the strategies commonly employed to reduce social uncertainty. Human prosocial behaviors are modulated by both social and nonsocial uncertainty. Specifically, uncertainty decreases prosocial behaviors by providing moral wiggling room or promoting loss aversion but also helps maintain relationships by mitigating negative interactions. Moreover, impression formation, impression updating, and compliance with social norms are crucial strategies for coping with social uncertainty, but they are subject to various biases. Finally, we highlight some important issues that need to be addressed in future studies. In summary, the current review deepens our understanding of the role of uncertainty in social behaviors. 相似文献
375.
Changlin Luo Mengyan Zhu Xiangling Zhuang Guojie Ma 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(2):476-494
Food-related attentional bias refers that individuals typically prioritize rewarding food-related cues (e.g. food words and food images) compared with non-food stimuli; however, the findings are inconsistent for restrained eaters. Traditional paradigms used to test food-related attentional bias, such as visual probe tasks and visual search tasks, may not directly and accurately enough to reflect individuals' food-word processing at different cognitive stages. In this study, we introduced the boundary paradigm to investigate food-word attentional bias for both restrained and unrestrained eaters. Eye movements were recorded when they performed a naturalistic sentence-reading task. The results of later-stage analyses showed that food words were fixated on for less time than non-food words, which indicated a superiority of foveal food-word processing for both restrained and unrestrained eaters. The results of early-stage analyses showed that restrained eaters spent more time on pre-target regions in the food-word valid preview conditions, which indicated a parafoveal food-word processing superiority for restrained eaters (i.e. the parafoveal-on-foveal effect). The superiority of foveal food-word processing provides new insights into explaining food-related attentional bias in general groups. Additionally, the enhanced food-word attentional bias in parafoveal processing for restrained eaters illustrates the importance of individual characteristics in studying word recognition. 相似文献
376.
延迟退休态度是影响新退休政策推行的重要社会心理因素。本研究采用《延迟退休态度问卷》等工具,抽取450名临近退休员工,考察工作-家庭中心性与延迟退休态度的关系以及工作投入、组织支持感在其二者关系上的作用机制。研究发现:(1)临近退休员工对延迟退休的态度较为消极。(2)低组织支持感条件下,工作投入在工作-家庭中心性与延迟退休态度之间起到完全中介作用。低组织支持感不利于缓解家庭中心性员工对延迟退休的消极态度。(3)高价值认同条件下,家庭中心性与工作投入、延迟退休态度的正向关系弱化。给予员工高价值认同可以提升对延迟退休的积极态度。高关心利益也可缓解家庭中心性员工对延迟退休的消极态度。 相似文献
377.
预期理论基于对期望效用理论的批判与发展,提出了价值函数与权重函数,对以往风险决策研究中所发现的现象进行了很好的预测与解释。预期理论的核心概念包括参照依赖、损失规避与权重函数。基于预期理论的一些决策偏差包括框架效应、禀赋效应和默认偏差也部分揭示了与人们风险决策有关的脑区。近年来,通过采用功能性核磁共振等脑成像手段对预期理论的一些核心成分进行的研究表明,涉及到人们风险决策的脑区主要有前额叶、纹状体、脑岛与杏仁核。未来的研究可以从预期理论的产生根源、个体发展以及遗传基因等角度进行进一步的探讨。 相似文献
378.
揭开顿悟奥秘的一道曙光 ——评罗劲的“顿悟的大脑机制” 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
人脑是怎样产生“顿悟”或者“灵感”的 ?近百年来一直是心理学家、生物学家 ,甚至是普通民众感兴趣的题目。最近 ,中国科学院心理健康重点实验室罗劲研究员负责的课题小组 ,在顿悟的认知神经基础研究方面取得了重要突破 ,引起了国内外学术界和媒体的关注。有关的功能性磁共振(fMRI)研究成果[1] 被今年 1月刚刚出版的Nature所引用[2 ] ;有关的事件相关脑电位 (ERPs)研究成果被 2 0 0 3年 6月份在美国纽约举行的“人类脑成像”(HumanBrainMapping 2 0 0 3)大会评为 15 91篇论文中的 10余个“会议亮点”之一[3 ] ;系列论文即将在国内外学… 相似文献
379.
广东汕头市公安人员心理健康水平调查研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为调查了解汕头市公安人员的心理健康状况.本文采用心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)对汕头市区分局的男女警察共339名进行问卷调查,分析所得数据,结果发现:样本总体健康水平高于常模;女警察心理健康程度略高于男警察;治安警在强迫人际关系和忧郁程度方面因子分显著比刑警、巡警高;警龄大于15年的警察群体的躯体化因子分大于警龄小于15年的警察;年龄大的警察样本偏执因子分高于年龄小的样本。结论表明:警察群体的总体心理健康状况良好,但部分群体在某些心理状况方面需加以调整和改善。 相似文献
380.