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301.
Luo Lu 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1995,8(2):173-181
This study attempted to identify potential determinants of receiving support using multivariate analysis. A community probability sample of 581 adults were surveyed. In addition to recording demographic variables and social support receipt, extraversion and locus of control were measured as personal characteristics; being married and numbers of confidants were recorded as social resources indicators. We found that (1) gender, education, extraversion, locus of control and social resources had direct effects on social support receipt; (2) education also had an indirect effect through locus of control, whereas extraversion had indirect effects through both locus of control and sod resources. Roles of personal characteristics and social resources in determining social support receipt were discussed. 相似文献
302.
在静坐前后,测定23例经半年音乐静坐训练(实验组)和未经训练(对照组)的13岁少年的听觉失匹配负波(MMN)和P300。结果发现,实验组的MMN波幅和面积均比对照组显著增高.并且MMN变化发生在组间而不是一次静坐前后,但P300没有显著性变化。提示实验组的MMN效应是长期的而不是短时的;在本实验条件下评定正常人脑的某些认知功能.MMN是比P300更为灵敏的电生理学指标。 相似文献
303.
Chun R. Luo 《Psychological science》1999,10(1):35-40
Abstract—A color-word matching task was used to investigate the basis of Stroop interference. Subjects were shown a pair of stimuli: an ink color (e.g., a red bar) and a colored word (e.g., RED printed in red or blue) and decided whether the two items had the same meaning (meaning decisions) or whether they had the same surface color (visual decisions). In Experiment 1, the two stimuli were shown simultaneously, and conflicting visual information of the word (e.g., RED printed in blue, against a red bar) led to interference in meaning decisions, whereas conflicting verbal information (e.g., BLUE printed in red, against a red bar) produced no interference in visual decisions. In Experiment 2, as an increasing time interval was imposed between presentation of the color bar and the colored word, interference in meaning decisions diminished, whereas interference in visual decisions was established. These results suggest that semantic competition, not response competition, is the major source of Stroop and Stroop-like interference. 相似文献
304.
跨感觉通路ERP注意成分的研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
采用提高了非注意纯度的“跨通路延迟反应”实验模式,研究跨通路注意的事件相关电位(ERP)成分,以注意ERP减去非注意ERP的早期差异负波(Nd1)为主要分析对象。被试者为12名青年正常人。结果发现:①听觉偏差刺激、视觉标准与偏差刺激皆在其特异性感觉区域的头皮部位,观察到注意引起N1波幅增大的现象。Nd1的起始时间与注意N1相同,而早于非注意N1,支持注意的早期选择学说;②听觉与视觉偏差刺激产生的Nd1最大峰分布在它们各自的初级感觉投射区,而标准刺激诱发的Nd1最大峰却分布于额部,表明跨通路选择性注意对偏差刺激的加工部位主要是通路特异性的,而对标准刺激的加工部位则主要是通路上的。作者据此针对选择性注意中长期争论问题进一步提出,注意的选择性发生时程的早晚可因刺激条件而异,信息过滤器的位置具有可塑性。 相似文献
305.
A semantic relatedness decision task was used to investigate whether phonological recoding occurs automatically and whether it mediates lexical access in visual word recognition and reading. In this task, subjects read a pair of words and decided whether they were related or unrelated in meaning. In Experiment 1, unrelated word-homophone pairs (e.g., LION-BARE) and their visual controls (e.g., LION-BEAN) as well as related word pairs (e.g., FISH-NET) were presented. Homophone pairs were more likely to be judged as related or more slowly rejected as unrelated than their control pairs, suggesting phonological access of word meanings. In Experiment 2, word-pseudohomophone pairs (e.g., TABLE-CHARE) and their visual controls (e.g., TABLE-CHARK) as well as related and unrelated word pairs were presented. Pseudohomophone pairs were more likely to be judged as related or more slowly rejected as unrelated than their control pairs, again suggesting automatic phonological recoding in reading. 相似文献
306.
Patterson Pandora McDonald Fiona E. J. Kelly-Dalgety Elizabeth Luo Aileen Allison Kimberley R. 《Journal of child and family studies》2021,30(11):2627-2640
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Adolescents impacted by their own or a relative’s cancer diagnosis experience significant psychosocial needs. Residential programmes provide... 相似文献
307.
308.
Following concepts introduced by Markus and Kitayama [Markus, H. R. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: implication for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.], two studies were conducted to develop and test a new scale to measure individualism and collectivism, each with its seven constituent facets. The proposed two-dimensional structure was supported by exploratory factor analyses of Chinese and British samples of general populations. The new Independent and Interdependent Self Scale (IISS) was found to have satisfactory reliability and validity across five independent samples of Chinese and British students and community adults. The strengths and limitations of the present research as well as future directions for research are discussed. 相似文献
309.
在IRT框架下,建立了0-1评分方式下单维双参数Logistic多题多做(MAMI)测验模型。与Spray给出的一题多做(MASI)模型相比,MAMI不仅模型更加精致,而且扩展了适用范围,参数估计方法也不同,采用EM算法求取项目参数。Monte Carlo模拟结果显示,应用MAMI测验模型与测验题量作相应增加的作法相比,两者给出的能力估计精度相同,但MAMI模型给出的项目参数估计精度更高。如果将MAMI测验模型与被试人数相应增加的作法相比,项目参数的估计精度相同,但MAMI给出的能力参数估计精度更高。这个发现表明,在一定条件下若允许修改答案,并采用累加式记分方式,纵使题量不变,也可使能力估计的精度相当于题量增加一倍的估计精度,而项目参数估计精度也会提高。这些发现不仅对技能评价和认知能力评价有参考价值,而且对数据的处理方式也有参考价值 相似文献
310.
吗啡行为及条件性行为敏感化效应及其个体差异 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
目的:考察吗啡处理下,大鼠行为敏感化及条件性行为敏感化效应及其个体差异性表现。方法:根据大鼠在初次抵达的新颖环境中水平活动量的高低,将大鼠划分为高反应大鼠(High responder, HR)和低反应大鼠(Low responder, LR),应用自动监测大鼠活动箱,分别考察HR和LR大鼠在行为及条件性行为敏感化效应表达上的差异。结果:(1)连续5天吗啡给药,LR大鼠活动量显著升高,HR大鼠无此效应;(2)条件测试日(第6天),给药与环境匹配大鼠,活动量较给药与环境非匹配组动物和对照组动物显著为高;此效应在HR和LR大鼠同时存在;(3)从给予吗啡到给予盐水,发现LR大鼠活动量显著下降,而HR大鼠活动量无显著改变。结论:在连续给药下,LR大鼠较HR大鼠,在行为敏感化效应的形成中,具有更为显著的效应,此效应为LR动物对吗啡更高的药物效应,而非条件效应所致,同时HR和LR大鼠都可以对吗啡条件性线索产生应答,产生条件性行为敏感化效应。 相似文献