不同视觉区域OUP效应的眼动研究

摘 要 采用眼动方法,通过两个实验考察了不同视觉区域的OUP效应。结果显示：（1）当刺激材料分别平行呈现于左侧视觉区域和右侧视觉区域时,在右侧视觉区域产生了OUP效应,而在左侧视觉区域没有OUP效应,我们假设是由于左侧视觉区域首字母距离中央凹的不利位置影响了OUP效应的产生。（2）当垂直方向呈现刺激时,在两侧视觉区域均产生了明显的OUP效应,表明首字母距离中央凹处于有利位置时不会影响OUP效应的产生。实验结果支持了大脑左半球和右半球在词汇识别时的策略为系列加工,对左半球平行加工右半球系列加工的结论提出了质疑。     

Neural correlates of feigned memory impairment are distinguishable from answering randomly and answering incorrectly: an fMRI and behavioral study

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified activation in the prefrontal-parietal-sub-cortical circuit during feigned memory impairment when comparing with truthful telling. Here, we used fMRI to determine whether neural activity can differentiate between answering correctly, answering randomly, answering incorrectly, and feigned memory impairment. In this study, 12 healthy subjects underwent block-design fMRI while they performed digit task of forced-choice format under four conditions: answering correctly, answering randomly, answering incorrectly, and simulated feigned memory impairment. There were three main results. First, six areas, including the left prefrontal cortex, the left superior temporal lobe, the right postcentral gyrus, the right superior parietal cortex, the right superior occipital cortex, and the right putamen, were significantly modulated by condition type. Second, for some areas, including the right superior parietal cortex, the right postcentral gyrus, the right superior occipital cortex, and the right putamen, brain activity was significantly greater in feigned memory impairment than answering randomly. Third, for the areas including the left prefrontal cortex and the right putamen, brain activity was significantly greater in feigned memory impairment than answering incorrectly. In contrast, for the left superior temporal lobe, brain activity was significantly greater in answering incorrectly than feigned memory impairment. The results suggest that neural correlates of feigned memory impairment are distinguishable from answering randomly and answering incorrectly in healthy subjects.     

不同指导语对成本-收益结构条件推理的影响

该研究以社会契约问题为研究材料,对217名在校大学生进行了调查研究,旨在考查不同指导语对成本-收益结构条件推理作业成绩的影响,结果表明:(1)社会契约主效应显著,标准社会契约作业成绩好于转换社会契约;(2)不同指导语的主效应显著,证伪指导语更易于激活"辨别欺骗者程序";(3)成本-收益结构条件推理任务能有效激活"辨别欺骗者程序",以找出潜在的欺骗者。     

Is subordinate's loyalty a precondition of supervisor's benevolent leadership? The moderating effects of supervisor's altruistic personality and perceived organizational support

Based on Cheng's differential leadership theory, we investigated the relationship between a subordinate's loyalty to a supervisor (SLS) and the supervisor's benevolent leadership in Chinese organizations. We also explored two moderators of this relationship, the supervisor's altruistic personality and perceived organizational support (POS). Using survey research, we collected data from supervisor‐subordinate dyads in Taiwan and made 167 valid observations. The results showed that SLS positively relates to the supervisor's benevolent behaviours; however, this relationship is diminished by the supervisor's altruistic personality and POS. That is, when the supervisor has a high level of altruistic personality or POS, the association of SLS with the supervisor's benevolent leadership is weaker.     

基于Flanker、Stroop和Simon多重冲突驱动的认知控制机制

认知控制是维持和调整多任务目标导向的加工策略,而基于多任务冲突的认知控制是一般领域上还是特定领域上,即一种冲突是否会影响另一种冲突的解决,已有研究并没有得到统一的结论。本研究运用事件相关电位（ERP）方法考察了同一任务中不同类型冲突（Stroop、Simon和Flanker冲突）驱动认知控制调节的脑机制。数据显示：各冲突都出现了一致性效应和冲突适应性效应;实验中每种冲突的上一个trial只与该类冲突的当前trial的交互效应显著,而与其他类型冲突的当前trial的交互效应不显著;几乎所有冲突都发现了P300、N450、SP成分一致性效应。结果表明：在不同类型冲突驱动条件下,人脑能够同时监控并解决不同类型的冲突;冲突驱动的认知控制系统以局部的控制方式工作;人脑是基于多冲突驱动的认知控制系统的灵活性和某类型冲突所特有的控制机制来解决冲突,且冲突解决机制是相互独立、互不干扰的。     

哲学的反思与超验

哲学作为“思想的思想”之认识论定位,表明它具有强烈的反思性,亦构成了它的超验性。哲学反思与超验思想的特质,由哲学之认识对象及其与对象的本质关系所规定,亦由哲学之穷是究理的至上性思维使命与中介性递进过程所规定。它们是哲学之谓的重要思想理据。     

试谈道教文化与构建社会主义和谐社会

《道德经》云:“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然”,《清静经》说:“大道无形,生育天地;大道无情,运行日月;大道无名,长养万物”,这种体现“道性”的自然、无形、无情、无名,以及“生而不有,为而不恃”、“长而不宰”、“利而不害”的无为精神,谓之“无为之德”。大力弘扬无为之     

气短——多种疾病的信号

生活中不利健康的因素很多,人们把这些因素称为“催老剂”。铝生活中人们使用的铝制品,如盘、铲、锅、勺等含有大量的铝元素。人体摄取过多的铝,会直接破坏人体神经细胞内遗传物脱氧核酸的功能,不仅使     

神人论:俄罗斯白银时代宗教哲学的人学主题

俄罗斯宗教哲学家站在现代哲学的立场上重新诠释“神人论”这一传统基督教人学理论,在重建神、人与世界三者的内在关联的基础上,揭示了神人论的理论基础和现实意义。神人论的核心是“肯定神性”与“否定神性”的统一,人的精神实在性之确证就在于人性中内在蕴含着神性,即神人的两位一体是人存在的本质规定。只有在“绝对存在”的宗教形而上学基础上,人才可以自由的意识、反思神的原则,同时又保持与神的内在同一关联。内在精神世界中人与神的绝对同一为人的生活提供了绝对意义和永恒价值,是人所追求的本真生存方式。神人论是俄罗斯白银时代宗教哲学的人学主题和理论基础,也是宗教哲学家为完善传统形而上学所作的努力。     

网络游戏成瘾者的内隐攻击性研究

本研究通过IAT对网络游戏成瘾者的内隐攻击性进行了研究。研究表明:(1)与非网络游戏成瘾者相比,网络游戏成瘾者持有自我攻击性信念和对攻击性的更为积极的内隐态度;(2)网络游戏成瘾者与非网络游戏成瘾者在外显攻击性上没有表现出显著差异。