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101.
Aksoy Derya Yeşim Altıparmak Sümeyye Karakayalı Ay Çiğdem Özşahin Zeliha 《Journal of religion and health》2022,61(4):2855-2875
Journal of Religion and Health - The cultural competence model is an ethnographic model created to improve the cultural understanding of people’s status in the context of health, health... 相似文献
102.
Tamaryn Menneer Doug J. K. Barrett Luke Phillips Nick Donnelly Kyle R. Cave 《Applied cognitive psychology》2007,21(7):915-932
The cost of searching for two visual targets simultaneously was compared against two separate single‐target searches using exposure time and accuracy measures within a staircase procedure. Dual‐target search for all stimuli (colour, shape and orientation) exhibited a loss of accuracy for one target. For orientation and shape, this dual‐target cost in accuracy was extreme, with chance‐level performance on one target. For colour, dual‐target search exhibited an additional cost in search time, with search requiring a longer exposure than the summed time required for two single‐target searches. An additional search‐time cost was also found for orientation targets when irrelevant colour variation was added to the display. In conclusion, dual‐target search for dissimilar targets is accompanied by an accuracy cost. Furthermore, colour variation, whether task‐relevant or not, leads to an additional cost in processing speed. The results suggest that a divided‐effort strategy would improve performance in search tasks such as X‐ray baggage screening. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
The neural consequences of semantic richness: when more comes to mind, less activation is observed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Some concepts have richer semantic representations than others. That is, when considering the meaning of concepts, subjects generate more information (more features, more associates) for some concepts than for others. This variability in semantic richness influences responses in speeded tasks that involve semantic processing, such as lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks. It has been suggested that concepts with richer semantic representations build stronger attractors in semantic space, allowing faster settling of activation patterns and thus faster responding. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural activation associated with semantic richness by contrasting activation for words with high and low numbers of associates in a semantic categorization task. Results were consistent with faster semantic settling for words with richer representations: Words with a low number of semantic associates produced more activation than words with a high number of semantic associates in a number of regions, including left inferior frontal and inferior temporal gyri. 相似文献
104.
The role of perceptual load in inattentional blindness 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Perceptual load theory offers a resolution to the long-standing early vs. late selection debate over whether task-irrelevant stimuli are perceived, suggesting that irrelevant perception depends upon the perceptual load of task-relevant processing. However, previous evidence for this theory has relied on RTs and neuroimaging. Here we tested the effects of load on conscious perception using the "inattentional blindness" paradigm. As predicted by load theory, awareness of a task-irrelevant stimulus was significantly reduced by higher perceptual load (with increased numbers of search items, or a harder discrimination vs. detection task). These results demonstrate that conscious perception of task-irrelevant stimuli critically depends upon the level of task-relevant perceptual load rather than intentions or expectations, thus enhancing the resolution to the early vs. late selection debate offered by the perceptual load theory. 相似文献
105.
Effects of live exposure on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder: the role of reduced behavioral avoidance in improvement 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Although the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is well established, few studies examined its effects on individual PTSD symptoms and possible mechanisms of improvement in symptoms. In a previous randomized controlled study [Ba?og lu, M., Salciog lu, E., Livanou, M., Kalender, D., & Acar, G. (2005). Single-session behavioral treatment of earthquake-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized waitlist controlled trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 1-11] a single session of behavioral treatment involving self-exposure instructions was highly effective in reducing earthquake-related PTSD. In the present study we examined the effects of treatment on each PTSD symptom and which symptoms improved early in treatment. Because the intervention focused solely on behavioral avoidance, we hypothesized that avoidance would be the first symptom to change and that reduction in avoidance would generalize to all other symptoms. The results showed significant between-groups treatment effect on only behavioral avoidance early in treatment (week 6). At 6 months post-treatment recovery rates ranged from 60% to 89% for 15 PTSD symptoms, including the numbing symptoms. Lack of improvement in avoidance was associated with lack of improvement in 12 symptoms. The critical process in recovery thus appeared to be increased sense of control associated with reduction in avoidance. These findings imply that live exposure to fear cues designed to enhance sense of control might be sufficient for recovery from PTSD. 相似文献
106.
Ayda Büyükşahin 《Sex roles》2009,60(9-10):708-720
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self monitoring and gender on coping strategies in intimate relationships. The Self Monitoring Scale and Multidimensional Intimate Coping Questionnaire were given to 224 heterosexual Turkish undergraduate students. Results showed that high self monitors had higher scores on focusing on relationship, seeking external support, alcohol and drug use, self-bolstering, and humor coping than low self monitors. Females reported greater negative and passive coping, positive and active coping, self-bolstering, religious coping and seeking external support than males did. Males reported greater alcohol and drug use than females did. Consequently, this study showed that both self monitoring (high–low) and gender affect on coping strategies among Turkish undergraduate sample. 相似文献
107.
Relying on the theoretical model of [Lyubomirsky et al. 2005, Review of General Psychology, 9, pp. 111–131], the present study
investigated the relationship between personality, number of friends, best friendship quality and happiness among 423 young
adults (n = 300 women). The main interest was to examine whether friendship contributed to happiness while controlling for personality.
Friendship variables accounted for 58% of the variance in happiness. Results revealed that friendship quality predicted happiness
above and beyond the influence of personality and number of friends, but friendship conflict was not a significant predictor.
Additional analyses revealed that the companionship and self-validation features of friendship quality were predictive of
happiness while controlling for gender and personality. The findings were discussed in the light of theory and empirical research
and suggestions were made for future research.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
108.
Therapeutic factors in an inpatient group from Turkey are presented. A total of 40 patients were seen over a period of 2 years and each patient was given Yalom's (1983) 60-item therapeutic factor list on discharge. The first four most valued therapeutic factor groups were Catharsis, Existential Factors, Cohesiveness and Hope. There were significant differences in the highly valued factors in different diagnostic groups. Patients with diagnoses of anxiety/somatization and borderline/identity problem preferred factors resembling those in many out-patient studies. The results are discussed in the light of relevant literature. 相似文献
109.
Garvin McCain Verne C. Cox Paul B. Paulus Ann Luke Helen Abadzi 《Journal of applied social psychology》1985,15(6):503-515
The effects of reduced enrollment were studied by examining two architecturally identical schools. One school experienced a 43% reduction in enrollment while the other's enrollment remained constant. Reduction in enrollment had a number of positive benefits, including improved attitudes about the school environment and reduced faculty absenteeism. Findings regarding academic performance were less clear. 相似文献
110.