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891.
Goal neglect and Spearman's g: competing parts of a complex task 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Duncan J Parr A Woolgar A Thompson R Bright P Cox S Bishop S Nimmo-Smith I 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2008,137(1):131-148
In goal neglect, a person ignores some task requirement though being able to describe it. Goal neglect is closely related to general intelligence or C. Spearman's (1904) g (J. Duncan, H. Emslie, P. Williams, R. Johnson, & C. Freer, 1996). The authors tested the role of task complexity in neglect and the hypothesis that different task components in some sense compete for attention. In contrast to many kinds of attentional limits, increasing the real-time demands of one task component does not promote neglect of another. Neither does neglect depend on preparation for different possible events in a block of trials. Instead, the key factor is complexity in the whole body of knowledge specified in task instructions. The authors suggest that as novel activity is constructed, relevant facts, rules, and requirements must be organized into a "task model." As this model increases in complexity, different task components compete for representation, and vulnerable components may be lost. Construction of effective task models is closely linked to g. 相似文献
892.
Gillian B. Yeo Tamma Sorbello Annette Koy Luke D. Smillie 《Motivation and emotion》2008,32(4):296-309
Goal orientation theories were used to generate predictions regarding the moderating effect of goal orientation profiles on
task performance growth trajectories. Participants were given multiple trials of practice on an air traffic control task.
Analyses were conducted using growth curve modeling. As expected, individuals with high performance-approach orientation improved
their task performance scores faster than their counterparts. The interaction between mastery and performance-avoid orientations
moderated the performance growth curve such that individuals with high mastery and low performance-avoid orientation improved
their performance at the fastest rate. The interaction between performance-approach and performance-avoid orientations also
moderated the performance growth curve. Individuals with low performance-approach and high performance-avoid orientation improved
their performance at the slowest rate. These findings contribute to theory and practice by elucidating how various combinations
of goal orientations influence the rate of skill acquisition.
相似文献
Gillian B. YeoEmail: |
893.
Psychosocial intervention has been found to be related to subsequent reductions in health care use. Studies generally measure
this “offset effect” by combining medical use categories into one outcome variable, such as outpatient doctor visits. However,
using a general outcome variable may obscure more specific patterns of reduction. In an effort to identify potential “targets”
for mental health intervention, outpatient care for health screening, illness visits, laboratory/X-ray, and urgent care were
considered. Health care use reductions were most prominent for high utilizers and were found across a number of different
types of outpatient care. With high utilizers, those who participated in MFT showed significant reductions of 68% for health
screening visits, 38% for illness visits, 56% for laboratory/X-ray visits, and 78% for urgent care visits. 相似文献
894.
Abstract. As the result of an extensive self‐study for the purpose of reaccreditation, the Department of Theology at The University of Portland began offering a new series of courses called Theological Perspective Courses (THEP). THEP courses are upper division and offered by theology faculty in conjunction with another department that has required core courses in the College of Arts and Sciences. They are intended to be interdisciplinary, with two faculty members from different disciplines collaborating on new course design and implementation. THEP 482, Theology in Ecological Perspective, was one of the first two THEP courses taught. This article describes and reflects on the nature of this religion and science course in terms of subject matter, learning theory, and development of community. Several additional appendices to this article appear online at: http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/journal/article2.aspx?id=12397 相似文献
895.
Motor maps, seizures, and behaviour 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G Campbell Teskey Marie H Monfils Corey Flynn Nicole A Young Francine van Rooyen Luke C Henry Lana J Ozen Amy K Henderson Aylin Y Reid Andrew R Brown 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2008,62(2):132-139
Atypically organised motor maps have been described in some people with epilepsy and we have modelled this in rats. Our goal is to more fully understand the mechanisms responsible for seizure-induced functional brain reorganisation and to reverse their effects. Here we present an overview of the relationship between neocortical motor maps, seizures, and interictal behaviour. To begin we summarise the observations of atypical motor maps with epilepsy and in animal models following experimentally induced seizures. Our novel experiments have established that motor map expansion is linked to a functional alteration of motor behaviour. Evidence for some of the putative brain mechanisms responsible for motor map size is discussed. Our successes reversing seizure-induced map expansion by two different methods are also briefly reviewed. Lastly, unanswered questions for possible future experimentation are posed. 相似文献
896.
Russell Hardin 《The Journal of Ethics》2004,8(1):77-95
This paper discusses the impact of the so-called war on terrorism on civil liberties. The United States government in Madison’s
plan was to be distrusted and hemmed in to protect citizens against it. The terrorist attacks of 2001 have seemingly licensed
the US government to violate its Madisonian principles. While the current government asks for citizen trust, its actions justify
distrust. The courts, which normally are the chief defenders of civil liberties, typically acquiesce in administration policies
during emergencies, and it has been during wartimes that the worst infringements of civil liberties have occurred.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
897.
James Barabas Robert B. Goldstein Henry Apfelbaum Russell L. Woods Robert G. Giorgi Eli Peli 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(4):757-770
This article describes a system for tracking the line of primary gaze (LoPG) of participants as they view a large projection
screen. Using a magnetic head tracker and a tracking algorithm, we find the onscreen location at which a participant is pointing
a head-mounted crosshair. The algorithm presented for tracking the LoPG uses a polynomial function to correct for distortion
in magnetic tracker readings, a geometric model for computing LoPG from corrected tracker measurements, and a method for finding
the intersection of the LoPG with the screen. Calibration techniques for the above methods are presented. The results of two
experiments validating the algorithm and calibration methods are also reported. Experiments showed an improvement in accuracy
of LoPG tracking provided by each of the two presented calibration steps, yielding errors in LoPG measurements of less than
2° over a wide range of head positions. Source code for the described algorithms can be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society
Web archive,http://www.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
898.
Russell E. Phillips III Kenneth I. Pargament Quinten K. Lynn & Craig D. Crossley 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2004,43(3):409-418
Self-directing religious coping has been correlated with both positive and negative outcome variables in previous research. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential meaning behind these mixed findings by clarifying the nature of the self-directing religious coping construct. A new set of subscales was constructed that operationalized different aspects of the construct. This scale, the original Religious Problem Solving Scale, and mental-health measures were given to 262 undergraduate students at a moderate-sized midwestern university. Two factors were identified with the revised self-directing measure: a deistic and supportive but nonintervening God factor and an abandoning God factor. The Abandoning God Subscale was more highly correlated with the original Self-Directing Scale than was the deistic God measure. The Deistic and Supportive God Subscale was correlated with both positive and negative mental-health outcomes, whereas the abandoning God measure consistently related to poorer outcomes. 相似文献
899.
Luke Purshouse 《Erkenntnis》2004,60(2):179-205
The conceptions of jealousy used by philosophical writers are various, and, this paper suggests, largely inadequate. In particular, the difference between jealousy and envy has not yet been plausibly specified. This paper surveys some past analyses of this distinction and addresses problems with them, before proposing its own positive account of jealousy, developed from an idea of Leila Tov-Ruach(a.k.a. A. O. Rorty). Three conditions for being jealous are proposed and it is shownhow each of them helps to tell the emotion apart from some distinct species of envy.It is acknowledged that the referents of the two terms are, to some extent, overlapping,but shown how this overlap is justified by the psychologies of the respective emotions. 相似文献
900.
Excerpts from Chapters 1 and 3 of New Maps for Old: Explorations in Science and Religion (Gerhart and Russell 2001) explore the ramifications of metaphoric process for changes in thinking, especially those changes that lead to a new understanding of our world. Examples are provided from science, from religion, and from science and religion together. In excerpts from Chapter 8, a double analogy—theology is to science as science is to mathematics—is proposed for better understanding the contemporary relationship between science and religion. A conservation of epistemological sufficiency is disclosed as one moves from mathematics to empirical science to theology—a move from one discipline to another that involves a sacrifice of one aspect of thought to gain another. 相似文献