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151.
Luigi?CastelliEmail author Alexia?Zecchini Leyla?Deamicis Steven?J.?Sherman 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2005,24(2):134-146
Previous research demonstrated that perceivers explicitly condemn ingroup members who use racial stereotypes but that they
are implicitly more likely to favor those ingroup members rather than ingroup members who do not use racial stereotypes (Castelli
et al., 2001). The present study has two main goals. First, we want to investigate whether the same effects can be detected
in the domain of ageism. In particular, we predicted that young adults would implicitly but not explicitly favor a young male
who describes an old man in a stereotype-consistent way rather than in a stereotypeinconsistent way. Most importantly, we
hypothesized that this tendency is related to participants’ prejudice level as assessed through an implicit measure (IAT,
Greenwald et al., 1998), so that high prejudice individuals will implicitly favor stereotypere and derogate ingroup members
who use stereotype-inconsistent information. Results provide general support for the hypotheses, and their implications for
stereotype maintenance and change are discussed.
Preparation of this paper was supported by a research grant from the University of Padova to the first author (CPDG018859). 相似文献
152.
Five studies investigated the spontaneous use of group typology in encoding information about various social groups. Participants saw faces or behaviors along with a label indicating the group membership of the face or the behavior. Labels corresponded to 2 groups each of 3 group types (i.e., 2 intimacy groups, 2 task-oriented groups, and 2 social categories). Recognition results showed more within-group-type errors than between-group-types errors. A free-recall task replicated these results, as the sequence of remembering items showed that memory organization reflected the group typology. A final study investigated the effects of group typology on the speed and accuracy of category membership verification. Results demonstrate the spontaneous use of an implicit group typology and its influence on the cognitive organization of information about groups. 相似文献
153.
Luigi Solano Massimo Costa Lydia Temoshok Simonetta Salvati Rosamaria Coda Fernando Aiuti 《Psychology & health》2013,28(5):641-655
This study examined the effects of specific psychosocial factors on the progression of HIV infection in 200 HIV-1 seropositive but asymptomatic men and women. At baseline, participants' disease status was determined, and they were administered self-report assessments of coping style, social support and loneliness. Participants were classified at 6 and 12 month follow-ups as progressed or unchanged, compared to their baseline status. In logistic regression analyses, higher baseline Type C coping scores (indicating emotional inexpressiveness and decreased recognition of needs and feelings) significantly predicted progression at 6 months ( p <0.01) and 12 months ( p <0.02), but only among participants classified at baseline as CDC-A2 (between 200-499 CD4 cells/mm 3 ). In participants originally classified as CDC-A1 (CD4 cell counts > 500/mm 3 ), no psychosocial variable showed any significant relationship. Results emphasize the need to consider the disease context, as well as the interaction between biological and psychological factors in contributing to disease progression. 相似文献
154.
Pietro Menatta Chiara Consiglio Laura Borgogni Luigi Moschera 《Psychologie appliquee》2022,71(2):461-484
Temporary agency workers (TAWs) are an ever-increasing type of employees which establish a double work relationship with both the agency and the client organization. Within this context, the concept of dual commitment has received considerable attention in the last years. The present contribution integrates dual commitment line of research with the one adopting a person-centered approach to the study of commitment configurations, to investigate commitment profiles on a large sample of TAWs. According to Sinclair et al.'s framework, we aimed to identify TAWs' commitment profiles based on their levels of dual affective commitment (to the agency and to the client organization) and on their general continuance commitment and to investigate differences in job satisfaction among profiles. Latent profile analyses on 7225 TAWs revealed 5 distinct profiles, namely Dually Free Agents, Dually Involved, Dually Allied, (Unilaterally) Client Allied and (Unilaterally) Agency Invested. The Dually Involved profile, followed by the Dually Allied profile, had the highest level of job satisfaction, whereas the Dually Free Agent profile and the (Unilaterally) Agency Invested had the lowest. Furthermore, the (Unilaterally) Client Allied group had a higher level of job satisfaction as compared to the (Unilaterally) Agency Invested profile. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
155.
People perceive and organise their social world on the basis of their previous semantic knowledge as well as on the basis of their emotional responses. We tested the hypothesis that emotional response categorisation, namely the tendency to group stimuli on the basis of the emotion they evoke, increases across the lifespan. Young and older adults were asked to categorise target words and either conceptual or emotional response similarity could be used to perform the task. Results showed that older adults were more likely than younger adults to rely on emotional equivalence to categorise stimuli. In addition, current affective state was significantly related to emotional response categorisation. These findings are discussed in relation to recent models that propose a prominent role for emotions in the social life of older adults. 相似文献
156.
Enzo Grossi Pier Luigi Sacco Giorgio Tavano Blessi Renata Cerutti 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(4):387-410
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between cultural access and individual psychological well-being, in order
to provide a possible estimation of the impact of cultural participation upon subjective perceptions of well being. Our exploratory
research was based on a cross-sectional survey undertook on a medium-large sample (n = 1500) of Italian residents in fall 2008. We refer to the Psychological General Well-Being Index–PGWBI, a tool that has
been validated through 30 years of research, as an index of measurement. Moreover, we have administered to the sample an additional
questionnaire inquiring about access to 15 distinct culturally related activities. Data are processed by means of a specific
methodology based on ANN and Called TWIST. TWIST has been developed by the Semeion Research Center, Rome. Our analysis suggests
that culture has a relevant role as a determinant of individual psychological well-being, in that a selected subset of cultural
variables turn out to perform among the best predictors of individual PGWB levels. Our results also allow some preliminary
considerations about innovative, well-being focused public health policies leveraging upon the human and social developmental
role of culture. 相似文献
157.
Magdalena I. Tolea Antonio TerraccianoEleanor M. Simonsick E. Jeffrey MetterPaul T. Costa Jr. Luigi Ferrucci 《Journal of research in personality》2012,46(3):264-270
Associations among personality as measured by the Five Factor Model, physical activity, and muscle strength were assessed using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 1220, age: mean = 58, SD = 16). General linear modeling with adjustment for age, sex, race, and body mass index, and bootstrapping for mediation were used. We found neuroticism and most of its facets to negatively correlate with strength. The extraversion domain and its facets of warmth, activity, and positive-emotions were positively correlated with strength, independent of covariates. Mediation analysis results suggest that these associations are partly explained by physical activity level. Findings extend the evidence of an association between personality and physical function to its strength component and indicate health behavior as an important pathway. 相似文献
158.
Galfano G Dalmaso M Marzoli D Pavan G Coricelli C Castelli L 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2012,65(10):1895-1910
Recent studies have tried to shed light on the automaticity of attentional shifts triggered by gaze and arrows with mixed results. In the present research, we aimed at testing a strong definition of resistance to suppression for orienting of attention elicited by these two cues. In five experiments, participants were informed with 100% certainty about the future location of a target they had to react to by presentation of either a direction word at the beginning of each trial or instructions at the beginning of each block. Gaze and arrows were presented before the target as uninformative distractors irrelevant for the task. The results showed similar patterns for gaze and arrows-namely, an interference effect when the distractors were incongruent with the upcoming target location. This suggests that the orienting of attention mediated by gaze and arrows can be considered as strongly automatic. 相似文献
159.
Dellantonio S Innamorati M Pastore L 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2012,46(2):172-195
This study examines whether the categories animate/inanimate might be formed on the basis of information available to the cognitive system. We suggest that the discrimination of percepts
according to these categories relies on proprioceptive information, which allows the perceiving subject to know that he is
‘animate’. Since other ‘objects’ in the world exhibit movements, reactions, etc. similar to those that the subject experiences
himself, he can ‘project’ his knowledge onto these objects and recognize them as ‘animate’ like himself. On this basis we try to corroborate the empricist position in the debate concerning the organization of knowledge
as opposed to the nativist view. Furthermore, we argue that the categorical dichotomy animate/inanimate is more basic than other analogous ones such as living/non-living, biological/non-biological and we sketch a ‘categorical stratification’ following the line ‘humans–animals–plants’ based on the hypothesis that humans
detect different degrees of ‘vitality’ according to the degree of similarity they recognise between the considered instance and themselves. 相似文献
160.
Enzo Grossi Giorgio Tavano Blessi Pier Luigi Sacco Massimo Buscema 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2012,13(1):129-148
The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of health status and cultural participation upon psychological well-being,
with special attention to the interaction between patterns of cultural access and other factors known to affect psychological
well-being. Data for this report were collected from a sample of 1,500 Italian citizens. A multi-step random sampling method
was adopted to draw a large representative sample from the Italian population. Subjects underwent a standard questionnaire
for psychological well-being [the Italian short form of the Psychological General Well Being Index (PGWBI)], and a questionnaire
related to the frequency of participation to 15 different kinds of cultural activities during the previous year. The results
show that, among the various potential factors considered, cultural access unexpectedly rankes as the second most important
determinant of psychological well-being, immediately after the absence or presence of diseases, and outperforming factors
such as job, age, income, civil status, education, place of living and other important factors. According to a semantic map
generated by a powerful data mining algorithm, it turns out that different factors (among which cultural access and health
status in particular) may be viewed as concurrent elements of a complex multi-causal scheme that seems to play a primary role
in determining psychological distress or well-being. In particular, distress seems to be tightly connected with: living in
the Southern part of Italy, average income level, living in semi-urban and urban areas, age group 46–60, presence of more
than two concomitant diseases and a low level of cultural access. Well being, on the other hand, is tightly connected with:
male gender, high cultural access, and absence of diseases. Some of these associations are confirmed by Principal Component
Analysis. 相似文献