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31.
32.
Mélanie Clément Pierre Mercier Luigi Pastò 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2002,56(2):128-137
According to statistical models, the acquisition function of contingency judgement is due to confidence increasing with sample size. According to associative models, the function reflects the accumulation of associative strength on which the judgement is based. Which view is right? Thirty university students assessed the relation between a fictitious medication and a symptom of skin discoloration in conditions that varied sample size (4, 6, 8 or 40 trials) and contingency (delta P = .20, .40, .60 or .80). Confidence was also collected. Contingency judgement was lower for smaller samples, while confidence level correlated inversely with sample size. This dissociation between contingency judgement and confidence contradicts the statistical perspective. 相似文献
33.
Luigi Castelli Alexia Zecchini Leyla Deamicis Steven J. Sherman 《Current Psychology》2005,24(2):134-146
Previous research demonstrated that perceivers explicitly condemn ingroup members who use racial stereotypes but that they
are implicitly more likely to favor those ingroup members rather than ingroup members who do not use racial stereotypes (Castelli
et al., 2001). The present study has two main goals. First, we want to investigate whether the same effects can be detected
in the domain of ageism. In particular, we predicted that young adults would implicitly but not explicitly favor a young male
who describes an old man in a stereotype-consistent way rather than in a stereotypeinconsistent way. Most importantly, we
hypothesized that this tendency is related to participants’ prejudice level as assessed through an implicit measure (IAT,
Greenwald et al., 1998), so that high prejudice individuals will implicitly favor stereotypere and derogate ingroup members
who use stereotype-inconsistent information. Results provide general support for the hypotheses, and their implications for
stereotype maintenance and change are discussed.
Preparation of this paper was supported by a research grant from the University of Padova to the first author (CPDG018859). 相似文献
34.
Francesco De Bellis Luigi Trojano Domenico Errico Dario Grossi Massimiliano Conson 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2017,17(4):826-837
The extrastriate body area (EBA) is involved in perception of human bodies and nonfacial body parts, but its role in representing body identity is not clear. Here, we used on-line high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to test the role of EBA in self–other distinction. In Experiments 1 and 2 we compared rTMS of right EBA with stimulation of left ventral premotor cortex (vPM), whereas in Experiment 3 we compared stimulation of right and left EBA. RTMS was applied during a hand laterality task in which self or others’ hand images were presented in first- versus third-person view (Experiments 1 and 3), or while participants had to explicitly recognize their own hands (Experiment 2) presented in first- versus third-person view. Experiment 1 showed that right EBA stimulation selectively speeded judgments on others’ hands, whereas no effect of left vPM stimulation was found. Experiment 2 did not reveal any effect of rTMS. Experiment 3 confirmed faster responses on others’ hands while stimulating right EBA and also showed an advantage when judging self with respect to others’ hands during stimulation of left EBA. These results would demonstrate that EBA responds to morphological features of human body contributing to identity processing. 相似文献
35.
Grossi D Santangelo G Carbone G Giordano F Angelillo VG Trojano L 《Behavioural neurology》2011,24(3):257-262
We describe a patient with right hemisphere damage affected by mild left visuo-spatial neglect and constructional apraxia. During the rehabilitation, he failed to draw a draught-board using horizontal and vertical trajectories, but he performed it successfully using oblique trajectories. These observations suggested an impairment of vertical/horizontal spatial coordinates system. In copying tasks including figure elements in different orientations he drew more accurately components in oblique orientation, whereas failed to reproduce components in horizontal orientation. The patient performed visuospatial perceptual and perceptual-imaginative tasks successfully. From these findings, it is possible to suggest that the oblique coordinate system of reference operates independently of vertical and horizontal coordinate systems in building a complex figure and that, therefore, cardinal orientation do not constitute a reference norm to define oblique orientation, as previously suggested. 相似文献
36.
Maria Rosaria A. Muscatello Antonio Bruno Gianluca Pandolfo Umberto Micò Simona Stilo Mariagrazia Scaffidi Pierluigi Consolo Andrea Tortora Socrate Pallio Giuseppa Giacobbe Luigi Familiari Rocco Zoccali 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(1):64-70
The present study aimed to elucidate the differences in depression, anxiety, anger, and quality of life in a sample of non-psychiatric IBS patients, starting from the hypothesis that IBS subtypes may have different symptomatic expressions of negative emotions with different outcomes on quality of life measures. Forty-two constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS) subjects and 44 diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) subjects, after an examination by a gastroenterologist and a total colonoscopy, underwent a clinical interview and psychometric examination for the assessment of depression, anxiety, anger and quality of life. IBS subtypes showed different symptomatic profiles in depression, anxiety and anger, with C-IBS patients more psychologically distressed than D-IBS subjects. Affective and emotional symptoms should be considered as specific and integral to the syndrome, and recognizing the differences between IBS subtypes may have relevant implications for treatment options and clinical outcome. 相似文献
37.
Paolo M. Russo Luigi Leone Marco Lauriola Fabio Lucidi 《Personality and individual differences》2008,45(7):624-629
Impulsivity and reward sensitivity are often treated as interchangeable constructs. This conflation may be traced back to Gray’s interpretation of impulsivity as the trait level manifestation of the Behavioral Activation System (BAS), that mediates sensitivity to rewards. In this study (N = 696) we evaluated discriminant hypotheses regarding the relationships between BAS-mediated reward sensitivity, impulsivity and Eysenck’s PEN superfactors. We hypothesized that reward sensitivity would be mainly linked with Extraversion, and that impulsivity would be primarily connected with Psychoticism. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and equality constraints tests. Results mostly supported our expectations: reward sensitivity was more strongly related to Extraversion than to the other PEN superfactors, while impulsivity was more strongly related to Psychoticism and Neuroticism. Implications for BAS and impulsivity research are discussed. 相似文献
38.
The present experiment studied choice response context effects on the programming of response sequences using behavioural and electrophysiological methods. Participants were asked to produce responses differing in sequence length (1-key vs. 3-key responses) with either their left or right hand in a choice reaction time (RT) task. The choice response context was manipulated by a blocked or mixed execution of 1-key and 3-key responses. A sequence length effect on RT was observed in the blocked but not in the mixed condition. The time course of the lateralized readiness potential indicates a motoric locus of the sequence length effect, suggesting that the response hand is activated before the entire motor program is established. 相似文献
39.
Lateralization of egocentric and allocentric spatial processing after parietal brain lesions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tina Iachini Gennaro Ruggiero Massimiliano Conson Luigi Trojano 《Brain and cognition》2009,69(3):514-520
The purpose of this paper was to verify whether left and right parietal brain lesions may selectively impair egocentric and allocentric processing of spatial information in near/far spaces. Two Right-Brain-Damaged (RBD), 2 Left-Brain-Damaged (LBD) patients (not affected by neglect or language disturbances) and eight normal controls were submitted to the Ego-Allo Task requiring distance judgments computed according to egocentric or allocentric frames of reference in near/far spaces. Subjects also completed a general neuropsychological assessment and the following visuospatial tasks: reproduction of the Rey-Osterreith figure, line length judgement, point position identification, mental rotation, mental construction, line length memory, line length inference, Corsi block-tapping task. LBD patients presented difficulties in both egocentric and allocentric processing, whereas RBD patients dropped in egocentric but not in allocentric judgements, and in near but not far space. Further, RBD patients dropped in perceptually comparing linear distances, whereas LBD patients failed in memory for distances. The overall pattern of results suggests that the right hemisphere is specialized in processing metric information according to egocentric frames of reference. The data are interpreted according to a theoretical model that highlights the close link between egocentric processing and perceptual control of action. 相似文献
40.
In this communication, some issues related to the old but still open question, on how far the development of cognitive processing
in artificial machines can go, are discussed. A selected gallery of images derived from laboratory experiments are presented.
The incompleteness of the gallery is as that in the definition of what we mean as cognitive processing. 相似文献