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21.
In many psychological questionnaires the need to analyze empirical data raises the fundamental problem of possible fake or fraudulent observations in the data. This aspect is particularly relevant for researchers working on sensitive topics such as, for example, risky sexual behaviors and drug addictions. Our contribution presents a new probabilistic approach, called Sample Generation by Replacement (SGR), to address the problem of evaluating the sensitivity of 8 commonly used SEM-based fit indices (Goodness of Fit Index, GFI; Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index, AGFI; Expected Cross Validation Index, ECVI; Standardized Root-Mean-Square Residual Index, SRMR; Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA; Comparative Fit Index, CFI; Nonnormed Fit Index, NNFI; and Normed Fit Index, NFI) to fake-good ordinal data. We used SGR to perform a simulation study involving 3 different SEM models, 2 sample size conditions, and 2 estimation methods: maximum likelihood (ML) and weighted least squares (WLS). Our results show that the incremental fit indices (CFI, NNFI, and NFI) are clearly more sensitive to fake perturbation than the absolute fit indices (GFI, AGFI, and ECVI). Overall, NFI turned out to be the best and most reliable fit index. We also applied SGR to real behavioral data on (non)compliance in liver transplant patients. 相似文献
22.
Luigi Cannavacciuolo 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(12):527-535
ABSTRACTThe fundamental origin of the reversal transition during crystal growth has been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. Evidence is provided supporting the geometrical nature of the transition, arising from the broken translational invariance at the growth front and the interactions of multipoles of opposed parity. The range of interactions, the details of the force field and model are irrelevant to the occurrence and only determine the functional behaviour of the relevant physical quantities like the localisation of the critical point and the morphology of the phase diagram. 相似文献
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Luigi Trojano David Linden Elia Formisano Rainer Goebel Alexander Sack Francesco Di Salle 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(5):653-672
We review a series of experimental studies aimed at answering some critical questions about the neural basis of spatial imagery. Our group used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the neural correlates of an online behaviourally controlled spatial imagery task without need for visual presentation—the mental clock task. Subjects are asked to imagine pairs of times that are presented acoustically and to judge at which of the two times the clock hands form the greater angle. The cortical activation elicited by this task was contrasted with that obtained during other visual, perceptual, verbal, and spatial imagery tasks in several block design studies. Moreover, our group performed an event‐related fMRI study on the clock task to investigate the representation of component cognitive processes in spatial imagery. The bulk of our findings demonstrates that cortical areas in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), along the intraparietal sulcus, are robustly involved in spatial mental imagery and in other tasks requiring spatial transformations. PPC is bilaterally involved in different kinds of spatial judgement. Yet the degree to which right and left PPC are activated in different tasks is a function of task requirements. From event‐related fMRI data we obtained evidence that left and right PPC are activated asynchronously during the clock task and this could reflect their different functional role in subserving cognitive components of visuospatial imagery. 相似文献
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Laura Sagliano Francesca D'Olimpio Ilaria Taglialatela Scafati Luigi Trojano 《Cognition & emotion》2016,30(7):1344-1351
Mechanisms underlying attentional biases towards threat (ABTs), such as attentional avoidance and difficulty of disengagement, are still unclear. To address this issue, we recorded participants' eye movements during a dot detection task in which threatening or neutral stimuli served as peripheral cues. We evaluated response times (RTs) in trials where participants looked at the central fixation cross (not at the cues), as they were required, and number and duration of (unwanted) fixations towards threatening or neutral cues; in all analyses trait anxiety was treated as a covariate. Difficulty in attentional disengagement (longer RTs) was found when peripheral threatening stimuli were presented for 100?ms. Moreover, we observed significantly shorter (unwanted) fixations on threatening than on neutral peripheral stimuli, compatible with an avoidance bias, for longer presentation times. These findings demonstrate that, independent of trait anxiety levels, disengagement bias occurs without eye movements, whereas eye movements are implied in threat avoidance. 相似文献
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Luigi Leone Stefano Livi Antonio Chirumbolo 《European journal of social psychology》2016,46(4):418-427
The Dual Process Model (DPM) of social attitudes and prejudice proposes that Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) reflect two distinct motivational processes. In two studies, we investigated how political involvement moderates the impact of social worldviews and value‐based dimensions on SDO and RWA. We proposed that political involvement constrains SDO, RWA and their antecedents into a tighter left–right ideological dimension, therefore transforming the double dissociation pattern of the DPM into a double additive pattern. As expected, for stronger political involvement, Study 1 (N = 237) showed that SDO and RWA were a function of both the competitive jungle and the dangerous world worldviews, whereas Study 2 (N = 143) pointed out that SDO and RWA were both connected with the value dimensions of self‐enhancement and conservation. 相似文献
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The present study investigates how person‐based representations stored in memory can influence subsequent information processing, depending upon subjective states during recollection of those representations. The experiment consisted of two phases. In the first phase, participants incidentally learned the gender category membership of various exemplars. Exemplars were presented in the form of forename–surname associations. In the second phase, the same surnames were used as primes in a name‐completion task. Results showed that the influence of the primes differed in relation to the exemplars' status in memory, as assessed by a recognition memory task. Only when the surnames looked familiar, but were not identifiable, an implicit effect of the exemplars' original category membership emerged, selectively influencing gender congruent name‐completions. Results are discussed in terms of attribution processes underlying the importance of the feelings of familiarity, and the need to devote more attention to the study of phenomenological factors in human memory. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
29.
Luciano Arcuri Luigi Castelli Silvia Galdi Cristina Zogmaister Alessandro Amadori 《Political psychology》2008,29(3):369-387
Two studies assessed the predictive validity of implicit political attitudes in relation to voting behavior. In Study 1 , we demonstrated the validity of the adopted measure (i.e., the IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) with a sample of voters who clearly sided with one of the opposing parties. In Study 2 , implicit political preferences were measured in a sample of undecided voters one month before the election, and actual voting behavior was assessed immediately after the election. Results demonstrated that implicit political attitudes were good predictors of future voting behaviors. These findings support the hypothesis of the presence of embryonic attitudes even in the case of those voters who at the explicit and conscious level deny any preference for one of the two opposing candidates. 相似文献
30.
In this communication, some issues related to the old but still open question, on how far the development of cognitive processing in artificial machines can go, are discussed. A selected gallery of images derived from laboratory experiments are presented. The incompleteness of the gallery is as that in the definition of what we mean as cognitive processing. 相似文献