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91.
Rachel F. L. Diamond Tara S. Stoinski Jennifer L. Mickelberg Benjamin M. Basile Regina Paxton Gazes Victoria L. Templer Robert R. Hampton 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2016,105(1):100-110
Many species classify images according to visual attributes. In pigeons, local features may disproportionately control classification, whereas in primates global features may exert greater control. In the absence of explicitly comparative studies, in which different species are tested with the same stimuli under similar conditions, it is not possible to determine how much of the variation in the control of classification is due to species differences and how much is due to differences in the stimuli, training, or testing conditions. We tested rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) in identical tests in which images were modified to determine which stimulus features controlled classification. Monkeys and orangutans were trained to classify full color images of birds, fish, flowers, and people; they were later given generalization tests in which images were novel, black and white, black and white line drawings, or scrambled. Classification in these primate species was controlled by multiple stimulus attributes, both global and local, and the species behaved similarly. 相似文献
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Albert Feliu-Soler Ausiàs Cebolla Lance M. McCracken Francesco D’Amico Martin Knapp Alba López-Montoyo Javier García-Campayo Joaquim Soler Rosa M. Baños Adrián Pérez-Aranda Laura Andrés-Rodriguez María Rubio-Valera Juan V. Luciano 《Behavior Therapy》2018,49(1):124-147
The term third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) encompasses new forms of CBT that both extend and innovate within CBT. Most third-wave therapies have been subject to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on clinical effectiveness; however, the number and quality of economic evaluations in these RCTs has been unknown and may be few. Evidence about efficiency of these therapies may help support decisions on efficient allocation of resources in health policies. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the economic impact of third-wave therapies in the treatment of patients with physical or mental conditions. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINALH to identify economic evaluations of third-wave therapies. Quality and Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment of economic evaluations was also made using the Drummond 35-item checklist and the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias, respectively. Eleven RCTs were included in this systematic review. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and extended Behaviour Activation (eBA) showed acceptable cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios. No study employed a time horizon of more than 3 years. Quality and RoB assessments highlight some limitations that temper the findings. There is some evidence that MBCT, MBSR, ACT, DBT, and eBA are efficient from a societal or a third-party payer perspective. No economic analysis was found for many third-wave therapies. Therefore, more economic evaluations with high methodological quality are needed. 相似文献
94.
The role of multiple-exemplar training and naming in establishing derived equivalence in an infant 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Luciano C Gómez Becerra I Rodríguez Valverde M 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2007,87(3):349-365
The conditions under which symmetry and equivalence relations develop are still controversial. This paper reports three experiments that attempt to analyze the impact of multiple-exemplar training (MET) in receptive symmetry on the emergence of visual-visual equivalence relations with a very young child, Gloria. At the age of 15 months 24 days (15m24d), Gloria was tested for receptive symmetry and naming and showed no evidence of either repertoire. In the first experiment, MET in immediate and delayed receptive symmetrical responding or listener behavior (from object-sound to immediate and delayed sound-object selection) proceeded for one month with 10 different objects. This was followed, at 16m25d, by a second test conducted with six new objects. Gloria showed generalized receptive symmetry with a 3-hr delay; however no evidence of naming with new objects was found. Experiment 2 began at 17m with the aim of establishing derived visual-visual equivalence relations using a matching-to-sample format with two comparisons. Visual-visual equivalence responding emerged at 19m, although Gloria still had not shown evidence of naming. Experiment 3 (22m to 23m25d) used a three-comparison matching-to-sample procedure to establish visual-visual equivalence. Equivalence responding emerged as in Experiment 2, and naming emerged by the end of Experiment 3. Results are discussed in terms of the history of training in bidirectional relations responsible for the emergence of visual-visual equivalence relations and of their implications for current theories of stimulus equivalence. 相似文献
95.
Piero De Giacomo Luciano L’Abate Francesco Margari Wanda Santamato Andrea De Giacomo Rita Masellis Vito D’Agostino 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2009,39(3):165-169
This article presents a program based on the Elementary Pragmatic Model and on the administration of a test consisting of
90 sentences with a strong psychological impact interactively presented to participants. Data emerging from this procedure
are calculated according to four coordinates and 16 relational functions processed on a grid defined by a table of 256 possible
interactions. From these interactions three final states were found to constitute essentially the bottom line of the human
mind. The program indicates how certain sentences could be selected systematically to lead initially deviant participants
toward more statistically average patterns, in terms of coordinates, functions, interactions, and final states. 相似文献
96.
Luciano Floridi 《Synthese》2009,168(1):151-178
The paper argues that digital ontology (the ultimate nature of reality is digital, and the universe is a computational system equivalent to a Turing Machine) should
be carefully distinguished from informational ontology (the ultimate nature of reality is structural), in order to abandon the former and retain only the latter as a promising
line of research. Digital vs. analogue is a Boolean dichotomy typical of our computational paradigm, but digital and analogue
are only “modes of presentation” of Being (to paraphrase Kant), that is, ways in which reality is experienced or conceptualised
by an epistemic agent at a given level of abstraction. A preferable alternative is provided by an informational approach to
structural realism, according to which knowledge of the world is knowledge of its structures. The most reasonable ontological
commitment turns out to be in favour of an interpretation of reality as the totality of structures dynamically interacting
with each other. The paper is the first part (the pars destruens) of a two-part piece of research. The pars construens, entitled “A Defence of Informational Structural Realism”, is developed in a separate article, also published in this journal. 相似文献
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Burr Christopher Taddeo Mariarosaria Floridi Luciano 《Science and engineering ethics》2020,26(4):2313-2343
Science and Engineering Ethics - This article presents the first thematic review of the literature on the ethical issues concerning digital well-being. The term ‘digital well-being’ is... 相似文献
100.
Luciano Floridi 《Synthese》2012,184(3):431-454
The article addresses the problem of how semantic information can be upgraded to knowledge. The introductory section explains
the technical terminology and the relevant background. Section 2 argues that, for semantic information to be upgraded to knowledge,
it is necessary and sufficient to be embedded in a network of questions and answers that correctly accounts for it. Section
3 shows that an information flow network of type A fulfils such a requirement, by warranting that the erotetic deficit, characterising the target semantic information t by default, is correctly satisfied by the information flow of correct answers provided by an informational source s. Section 4 illustrates some of the major advantages of such a Network Theory of Account (NTA) and clears the ground of a
few potential difficulties. Section 5 clarifies why NTA and an informational analysis of knowledge, according to which knowledge
is accounted semantic information, is not subject to Gettier-type counterexamples. A concluding section briefly summarises
the results obtained. 相似文献