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231.
Lucia Schwarz 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2020,58(3):431-455
Here is a prima facie plausible view: since the metaethical error theory says that all positive moral claims are false, it makes no sense for error theorists to engage in normative ethics. After all, normative ethics tries to identify what is right or wrong (and why), but the error theory implies that nothing is ever right or wrong. One way for error theorists to push back is to argue for “concept preservationism,” that is, the view that even though our ordinary moral discourse is deeply flawed, we should nevertheless continue to engage in moral thought and talk. However, in this article, I pursue a different strategy. I argue that even if we completely abandon moral discourse, thus endorsing “concept abolitionism,” the discipline of normative ethics survives. While traditional normative ethics uses as its “starting points” moral claims and beliefs, instead, concept abolitionists can make use of alternative utterances and attitudes that share salient characteristics with moral claims and beliefs, allowing for a kind of theorizing that is practically oriented, impartial, involves the traditional subject matters and methods of normative ethics, and allows engagement with the arguments of traditional moral philosophers. 相似文献
232.
In psychosocial migration literature, the perspective of ambiguous loss has been relevant to articulate personal and relational experiences in the context of transnational families and ongoing separation. Most studies have focused on adult members’ experiences of transnational families, but research exploring ambiguous loss in adolescents whose parents have migrated is still lacking. The present study aimed to explore adolescents’ lived experiences of parental migration. In a pilot explorative study, 14 adolescents with at least one parent who migrated were interviewed about their lived experiences of transnational parent-child relationships and ongoing parent-child separation. Data analysis identified four themes in participants’ accounts: practices of separation creating confusion; current relationship with migrant parents permeated by ambiguity; distrustful representations of migrant parents; and family and social dynamics reactivating the pain of loss. The findings reveal how in the context of parental migration, patterns of separation and ongoing relational processes, compounded by the uncertainty of reunification and an exclusionary social fabric, constitute core elements that shape adolescents’ lived experiences of parent-child relationships characterized by ambiguity. 相似文献
233.
Vanda Lucia Zammuner 《European journal of social psychology》1996,26(2):233-245
Potential discrepancies between felt and verbally communicated emotions elicited by two Pride events (‘selected for a job among a large group’ and ‘being congratulated for one's own new partner’) were studied by means of a structured questionnaire. Italian male (n = 88) and female (n = 107) university students attributed felt and communicated emotions to the event protagonist P, choosing from a list of 14 emotions; the communication occurred with P‘s partner or friend, or with an acquaintance. Statistical analyses of subjects’ attributions confirmed the hypothesis that felt emotions are regulated in verbal communication to others: pride, triumph, self-satisfaction and excitement were de-emphasized in communication; joy, satisfaction, happiness and surprise were intensified; other emotions were communicated as felt. Event type, and to a lesser extent sex of subject, significantly influenced the direction and extent of regulation. The results are interpreted as showing that the verbal communication of emotion is influenced by emotion-related social norms and beliefs. 相似文献
234.
Inhibition of return (IOR) is a response delay when the target is preceded by an irrelevant stimulus (cue) at the same location.
In a previous study, we investigated the separate and joint effects on IOR of cue onset and offset. IOR was much greater when
cue onset was followed by cue offset (on-off cue) than when the cue was a single event (on or off cues). The aim of the present
study was to test whether the greater IOR with an on-off cue is due to the presence of two cue events. Three experiments were
conducted. In Experiment 1 we replicated, with a different delay between cue onset and offset, the finding that IOR is greater
with an on-off cue than with a single cue event. In Experiments 2 and 3, we used cues formed by two events. In Experiment
2, an on-off cue was compared with an off-on cue, whereas in Experiment 3 an on-on cue was compared with an off-off cue. Results
showed that the magnitude of IOR did not simply depend on the number of cue events occurring before the target. IOR was greater
with two different events than with two identical events and greater when was preceded by an off-event than an on-event. Therefore,
IOR was greatest with an on-off cue, which likely also benefited from a gap effect. Possible mechanisms underlying IOR were
discussed.
Received: 31 March 1999 / Accepted: 23 July 1999 相似文献
235.
Women who were exposed to advertisements that portrayed women in their traditional role as homemakers reported less favorable attitudes toward political participation than women who were not exposed to advertisements. Exposure to portrayals of women as sex objects, on the other hand, did not affect women's attitudes. In contrast, men reported less favorable attitudes toward political participation after exposure to advertisements that portrayed women as sex objects, but were not affected by portrayals of women as homemakers. Implications for the influence of sex roles on political participation and the impact of sexist advertisements are discussed. 相似文献
236.
Five-day-old chicks were accustomed to follow an imprinted object (a small red ball with which they had been reared) that
was moving slowly in a large arena, until it disappeared behind an opaque screen. In experiments, each chick was initially
confined in a transparent cage, from where it could see and track the ball while it moved towards, and then beyond, one of
two screens. The screens could be either identical or differ in colour and pattern. Either immediately after the disappearance
of the ball, or with a certain delay, the chick was released and allowed to search for its imprinted object behind either
screen. The results showed that chicks took into account the directional cue provided by the ball movement and its concealment,
up to a delay period of about 180 s, independently of the perceptual characteristics of the two screens. If an opaque partition
was positioned in front of the transparent cage immediately after the ball had disappeared, so that, throughout the delay,
neither the goal-object nor the two screens were visible, chicks were still capable of remembering and choosing the correct
screen, though over a much shorter period of about 60 s. The results suggest that, at least in this precocial bird species,
very young chicks can maintain some form of representation of the location where a social partner was last seen, and are also
capable of continuously updating this representation so as to take into account successive displacements of the goal-object.
Received: 17 January 1998 / Accepted after revision: 29 March 1998 相似文献
237.
Lucia Zanuttini 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1976,20(1):29-32
Kanizsa (1972, 1974) has observed that the surface upon which a figure is amodally completed undergoes shrinkage. That observation is investigated here as a possible explanation of the Poggendorff illusion, on the assumption that the shrinkage of the surface behind the surface defined by the two vertical parallel lines results in displacement of the two visible segments of the oblique line. The first two experiments attempted to quantify the shrinkage of the amodal surface by measuring the enlargement of the vertical strip required to achieve perceived collinearity; the oblique lines intercepted the vertical strip at 45- and 30-deg angles. In both cases, the enlargement required to counterbalance the assumed amodal shrinkage was approximately 30%. In the third experiment, the oblique line was rotated to the horizontal, and again the perceived shrinkage of the amodal surface was approximately 30%. The application of this explanation to the Poggendorff illusion is discussed, as well as the relevance of this explanation to the common experimental finding that magnitude of the illusion is dependent upon the slope of the oblique line. 相似文献
238.
239.
Lucia F. O'Sullivan Elizabeth Rice Allgeier 《Journal of applied social psychology》1994,24(12):1035-1055
Traditionally, women have been perceived as using token resistance to avoid appearing desirous of sexual activity and to gain some degree of restrictive control in heterosexual dating interactions. In the current study, we examined both men's and women's use of token resistance and the reasons they attributed for their use of this dating behavior. A total of 108 male and 199 female heterosexual college students completed the Dating Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) used to examine the use of token resistance, as well as a number of attitudinal and behavioral measures. An ANOVA revealed that a higher percentage of men than women reported the use of token resistance. The types of reasons men and women attributed to their behavior did not differ. Token resistance reportedly served a number of functions, including an expressive game-playing function. Most interactions were perceived by both men and women as being pleasant, despite concerns by researchers that token resistance may be associated with a partner's subsequent use of sexual coercion. Thus, token resistance does not appear to be indicative of adverserial relations. The findings are discussed in terms of the benefits for men and women of relaxing the constraints of traditional gender roles with regard to dating behavior. 相似文献
240.
Alessandro Tonacci Lucia Billeci Gennaro Tartarisco Liliana Ruta Filippo Muratori 《Child neuropsychology》2017,23(1):1-25
Olfactory function is a well-known early biomarker for neurodegeneration and neural functioning in the adult population, being supported by a number of brain structures that could be dysfunctioning in neurodegenerative processes. Evidence has suggested that atypical sensory and, particularly, olfactory processing is present in several neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this paper, we present data obtained by a systematic literature review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, regarding the possible association between olfaction and ASDs, and analyze them critically in order to evaluate the occurrence of olfactory impairment in ASDs, as well as the possible usefulness of olfactory evaluation in such conditions. The results obtained in this analysis suggested a possible involvement of olfactory impairment in ASDs, underlining the importance of olfactory evaluation in the clinical assessment of ASDs. This assessment could be potentially included as a complementary evaluation in the diagnostic protocol of the condition. Methods for study selection and inclusion criteria were specified in advance and documented in PROSPERO protocol #CRD42014013939. 相似文献