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71.
Lo?c Lemoine Kjerstin Torre Delignières Didier 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2006,60(4):247-257
A number of recent papers have suggested that the series of time intervals produced in continuation tapping may have fractal properties. This proposition, nevertheless, was only based on the visual appraisal of graphical results, and was not statistically supported. In the present study, we applied the ARMA/ARFIMA modeling procedures proposed by Wagenmakers, Farrell, and Ratcliff (2005) to test for the presence of long-range dependencies in continuation tapping data. Our results demonstrate the presence of long-range dependencies in most series and offer strong support for the hypothesis that fluctuations in tapping series are fractal in nature. 相似文献
72.
Romina Mauro Antonio Pierro Lucia Mannetti E. Tory Higgins Arie W. Kruglanski 《Psychological science》2009,20(6):681-685
ABSTRACT— In this research, we varied the composition of 4-member groups. One third of the groups consisted exclusively of "locomotors," individuals predominantly oriented toward action. Another third of the groups consisted exclusively of "assessors," individuals predominantly oriented toward evaluation. The final third of the groups consisted of a mix of locomotors and assessors. We found that the groups containing only locomotors were faster than the groups containing only assessors, and the groups containing only assessors were more accurate than the groups containing only locomotors. The groups containing a mix of assessors and locomotors were as fast as the groups containing only locomotors and as accurate as the groups containing only assessors. These results echo findings at the individual level of analysis, and suggest that the testing and action components of operating systems independently contribute to performance both intra- and interpersonally. 相似文献
73.
Lucia Mannetti Susanne Leder Libera Insalata Antonio Pierro Tory Higgins Arie Kruglanski 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(6):1120-1125
The present study examined the influence of two regulatory mode concerns—a locomotion concern with movement from state to state and an assessment concern with making comparisons—on choices between immediate and delayed (from 2 to 6 weeks) money rewards. Regulatory mode orientation was induced by means of a priming procedure. We predicted that the choices in the assessment condition would be less impulsive and more far‐sighted than those in the locomotion condition. After taking into account the effects of amount of early reward, length of delay and increase in delayed reward—all of which were in the direction of previous studies—this regulatory mode prediction was supported. Our findings suggest that it might be possible to induce more far‐sighted (or economically rational) inter‐temporal choices by means of instructions that induce an assessment orientation independent of stable inter‐individual differences in discount rate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
75.
G. Lo Monaco F. Lheureux L. Chianèse C. Codaccioni S. Halimi-Falkowicz P. Cano 《Pratiques Psychologiques》2009,15(3):367-386
The objective of this research is to show that, under usual conditions of interaction between an agent of health and of its public intervention, the individuals produce a “pro-health” speech which can lead astray this agent, concerning the representation which they have of alcohol. Students, producing verbal associations about this object, were confronted either with an agent of health or with a student, and were speaking either for themselves or as the students would do in general. The results show that the individuals, placed in front of an agent of health and directly implied in the beliefs that they express, tend to adopt the speech wished by this agent. However, this manifest adhesion only appears to be circumstantial, insofar as the speech of the individuals is different when they are expressed vis-a-vis a member of its group and in the name of this one. The implications of these results with regard to the interventions of prevention are discussed. 相似文献
76.
The aims of this study are to consider the experience of flow from a nonlinear dynamics perspective. The processes and temporal
nature of intrinsic motivation and flow, would suggest that flow experiences fluctuate over time in a dynamical fashion. Thus
it can be argued that the potential for chaos is strong. The sample was composed of 20 employees (both full and part time)
recruited from a number of different organizations and work backgrounds. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) was used for
data collection. Once obtained the temporal series, they were subjected to various analyses proper to the complexity theory
(Visual Recurrence Analysis and Surrogate Data Analysis). Results showed that in 80% of the cases, flow presented a chaotic
dynamic, in that, flow experiences delineated a complex dynamic whose patterns of change were not easy to predict. Implications
of the study, its limitations and future research are discussed. 相似文献
77.
Elena Clara Lucia Regolin Giorgio Vallortigara Lesley J. Rogers 《Animal cognition》2009,12(6):755-765
Spontaneous preferences towards possible prey have been little investigated using targets in motion. Preferences of domestic
chicks (Gallus gallus) to peck at video-images of stimuli representing live insects moving along their longer body axis (i.e. “forwards”) or along
the shorter body axis (i.e. “sideways”) were investigated. Chicks presented with both types of stimulus displayed a significant
preference for pecking at stimuli moving sideways. This preference was already present on day 1 post-hatching, and it strengthened
on day 6 for those chicks that had experienced pecking at live insects. Head angles used to fixate the stimuli prior to pecking
were also analysed and were consistent (i.e. 30°–35° and 60°–65°) with those reported for fixation of non-edible targets (larger
stimuli at a distance). In a first control experiment the same video-presented stimuli were used but the insect’s legs were
removed to reduce flickering. In a second control experiment, paper-printed images of the whole insect were used. In both
cases, the sideways direction of movement was clearly preferred. Overall, our data show that chicks have a spontaneous preference
to peck at video-images resembling live insects moving along their shorter body axis. Sideways movement may constitute a crucial
signal attracting chicks’ attention and enhancing predatory responses possibly because of stronger stimulation of motion detectors. 相似文献
78.
The ability to recognize three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional (2-D) displays was investigated in domestic chicks,
focusing on the role of the object’s motion. In Experiment 1 newly hatched chicks, imprinted on a three-dimensional (3-D)
object, were allowed to choose between the shadows of the familiar object and of an object never seen before. In Experiments
2 and 3 random-dot displays were used to produce the perception of a solid shape only when set in motion. Overall, the results
showed that domestic chicks were able to recognize familiar shapes from 2-D motion stimuli. It is likely that similar general
mechanisms underlying the perception of structure-from-motion and the extraction of 3-D information are shared by humans and
animals. The present data shows that they occur similarly in birds as known for mammals, two separate vertebrate classes;
this possibly indicates a common phylogenetic origin of these processes. 相似文献
79.
Insects, birds, and mammals have been shown capable of encoding spatial information in memory using multiple strategies or
frames of reference simultaneously. These strategies include orientation to a goal-specific cue or beacon, to the position
of the goal in an array of local landmarks, or to its position in the array of distant landmarks, also known as the global
frame of reference. From previous experiments, it appears that birds and mammals that scatter hoard rely primarily on a global
frame of reference, but this generalization depends on evidence from only a few species. Here we examined spatial memory in
a previously unstudied scatter hoarder, the southern flying squirrel. We dissociated the relative weighting of three potential
spatial strategies (beacon, global, or relative array strategy) with three probe tests: transposition of beacon and the rotation
or the expansion of the array. The squirrels’ choices were consistent with a spatial averaging strategy, where they chose
the location dictated by at least two of the three strategies, rather than using a single preferred frame of reference. This
adaptive and flexible heuristic has not been previously described in animal orientation studies, yet it may be a common solution
to the universal problem of encoding and recalling spatial locations in an ephemeral physical landscape. 相似文献
80.
Loïc Colson 《Studia Logica》2007,85(1):33-39
Reasonning in naive set theory (with unlimited comprehension), we derive a paradox (a formal contradiction) which can be seen
as a variant of the Burali-Forti paradox.
Presented by Robert Goldblatt 相似文献