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101.
Motivation is an important component of many political decision making theories. However, different definitions of motivation
have led to different conclusions as to how influential motivation is on political attitudes. When motivation has been defined
in terms of personal interest, its predictive value has been questioned (Sears and Funk in Advances in experimental social
psychology, vol 24. Academic Press, New York, pp. 1–91, 1991); however, other motivational variables like Schwartz’ (Advances in experimental social psychology, vol 25, Academic Press,
New York, pp. 1–65, 1992) values have been found to be strong predictors of such attitudes. This article investigates the influence of another type
of motivational variable. Specifically, two studies examined how chronic concerns with fundamental needs for security (i.e.,
prevention) and growth (i.e., promotion) relate to public policy attitudes. In samples of both college students and nationally representative US households and across
a variety of policy areas, stronger prevention concerns predicted support for government intervention to maintain public and
personal safety, whereas stronger promotion concerns predicted support for government intervention to ensure opportunities
for growth and enrichment. 相似文献
102.
103.
Kathleen A. McNamara Carrie L. Lucas Jeremy T. Goldbach Sara Kintzle Carl A. Castro 《Military psychology》2019,31(2):91-99
Despite evidence showing that bisexual individuals may be at greater risk for mental health issues than lesbian and gay individuals, they are often combined into a single group, with lesbian and gay individuals the actual focus of the research. This study aims to address this gap in the literature among US Veterans. Using data collected from a multicity purposive sample (N = 4,493), logistic regression was used to analyze whether the following groups differ in current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression: (a) bisexual (n = 101) vs. heterosexual Veterans (n = 4,271); (b) bisexual vs. lesbian/gay Veterans (n = 121); (c) lesbian/gay vs. heterosexual Veterans; and (d) combined group of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB; n = 222) vs. heterosexual Veterans. Controlling for significant covariates, bisexual Veterans had 2.5 times the risk of severe depression (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34–4.67; p = 0.004) and 2.3 times the odds of PTSD (95% CI = 1.40–3.77; p = 0.001) relative to heterosexual Veterans. Bisexual Veterans had 3 times the risk of severe depression (95% CI = 1.22–7.44; p = 0.017) and 1.9 times the risk of PTSD (95% CI = 1.02–3.70; p = 0.045) compared to lesbian/gay Veterans. Lesbian/gay Veterans had no significant difference in risk for depression compared to heterosexual Veterans. However, the combined group of LGB Veterans had 1.6 times the odds of PTSD (95% CI = 1.12–2.15; p = 0.008) compared to heterosexual Veterans. These findings suggest that past research showing mental health disparities between LGB and heterosexual individuals may be driven by the inclusion of bisexual individuals. Research should assess bisexual individuals as a distinct group, and future studies should explore factors leading to depression and PTSD among bisexual Veterans. 相似文献
104.
A sixth-grade class investigated the ecologies of two local retention ponds over the course of one school year. In this context, instruction assisted development as students designed models of the pond in one-gallon jars and attempted to stabilize these jars in sustainable ecosystems that could be used to study questions about the ponds. Unintended outcomes (e.g., algal blooms, bacteria colonies) became opportunities to learn how aquatic systems function. Efforts to model aquatic functioning were complemented by weekly research meetings that served as a forum for conjecture and test of relations between evidence and questions. At the end of the year students responded to individual interviews about their understandings of ecology and research design, along with their beliefs about the epistemology of inquiry. Results suggest that participation in carefully crafted, extended investigations transformed students’ views of the goals and purposes of inquiry and of the nature of science. 相似文献
105.
Researchers have suggested that there is a noun bias in children's early vocabularies brought about by features of adults' child-directed utterances, which may vary across languages (E. V. Bates et al., 1994; D. Gentner, 1982). In the present study, the authors explored noun bias in 60 Filipino-English bilingual children whose 2 languages differed in how they emphasized nouns and verbs in typical syntactic forms. The results revealed a noun bias, but only in the bilingual children's English vocabulary. The noun bias in English was associated with the frequency of nouns in the caregivers' utterances and the proportion of nouns in the initial positions of the caregivers' utterances. The authors also found different associations between salient positions in the adult utterances and children's vocabularies in English and Filipino. 相似文献
106.
Among 96 Hispanic adults, mostly recent immigrants responding in Spanish, intercultural competence contributed to variance in acculturative distress beyond that already accounted for by general coping, acculturation, and sociodemographic variables. Intercultural competence best predicted acculturative distress. Findings suggest that Hispanics with a low sense of intercultural and intracultural proficiency may experience increased stress. Entre 96 adultos hispanos, inmigrantes en su mayor parte recientes que responden en el español, la capacidad intercultural contribuida a la variación de asimilación penosa más allá que ha sido justificada por el enfrentamiento general, asimilación, y los variables sociodemograficos. La capacidad intercultural que mejor predijo la penosa asimilación. Los hallazgos sugieren que los hispanos con un sentido bajo de nivel de competencia intercultural y intracultural pueden sufrir de un nivel alto de estrés. 相似文献
107.
Ann Lucas 《Sexuality & culture》2004,8(1):53-59
David Henry Sterry’s memoir, Chicken, recounts a year in the early 1970s when the author worked as a teenage prostitute in southern California. In recreating
Sterry’s encounters with his manager/pimp, other young sex workers, and a primarily female clientele, the book offers a perspective
that is unique among the larger genre created by the “sex worker literati.” By broadening our understanding of male prostitution
in particular, and sex workers and commercial sex consumers more generally, Sterry’s memoir is important to social scientists
and sex researchers as well as to devotees of pop culture. 相似文献
108.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
109.
Todd Lucas 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(4):249-265
System justifying beliefs can have adaptive consequences for individuals that include enhanced coping and decreased emotional
distress. The present study examined whether individual differences in two kinds of system justifying beliefs uniquely predict
dispositional affect. Participants from across the United States were recruited via internet to complete dispositional measures
of procedural and distributive justice beliefs, and also brief measures of positive and negative affectivity. While belief
in fair outcomes (distributive just world beliefs) was generally associated with greater positive affectivity, belief in fair
processes (procedural just world beliefs) was modestly associated with decreased negative affectivity. In addition, positive
and negative affectivity were predicted by interactions between procedural and distributive just world beliefs, with each
accentuating the general emotional benefit provided by the other. Finally, an interactive effect of procedural just world
beliefs and social class was obtained for positive affectivity, with greater positive affectivity occurring for disadvantaged
(lower income) individuals who had strong procedural just world beliefs. In general, these results suggest the potential for
unique and interactive relationships between particular system justifying beliefs and measures of emotion, especially among
members of advantaged versus disadvantaged groups. 相似文献
110.
David C. Schwebel Elizabeth K. Lucas Alana Pearson 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(3):223-232
Children tend to overestimate their physical abilities, and that tendency is related to risk for unintentional injury. This
study tested whether or not children estimate their physical ability differently when exposed to stimuli that were highly
visually salient due to fluorescent coloring. Sixty-nine 6-year-olds judged physical ability to complete laboratory-based
physical tasks. Half judged ability using tasks that were painted black; the other half judged the same tasks, but the stimuli
were striped black and fluorescent lime-green. Results suggest the two groups judged similarly, but children took longer to
judge perceptually ambiguous tasks when those tasks were visually salient. In other words, visual salience increased decision-making
time but not accuracy of judgment. These findings held true after controlling for demographic and temperament characteristics. 相似文献