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991.
How do couples maintain relationship satisfaction despite specific negative perceptions of their relationships? One way to minimize the global implications of negative perceptions is to attribute differential importance to positive and negative features of the relationship. As those features change over time, satisfied intimates may alter their perceived importance, ensuring that positive features are always more closely associated with global satisfaction than negative ones. The current study examined the specific perceptions of 82 newly married couples at five assessments across their first 3 years of marriage. A tendency to view positive perceptions as more important than negative perceptions was associated with higher marital satisfaction. Moreover, a tendency to alter the importance of specific perceptions as those perceptions changed over time was associated with more stable global satisfaction. These findings highlight the interplay between the content and the structure of intimates' perceptions in determining relationship outcomes. 相似文献
992.
Hirshman E Wells E Wierman ME Anderson B Butler A Senholzi M Fisher J 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2003,10(1):125-134
In this article, the theoretical distinction between recognition memory decision and discrimination processes is used to explore the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in postmenopausal women. DHEA is an adrenal steroid that diminishes with aging. It has enhanced memory in laboratory animals. An 8-week placebo-controlled, double-blind experiment in which 30 women (ages 39–70) received a 50-mg/day oral dose of DHEA for 4 weeks demonstrated that DHEA made subjects more conservative (i.e., less likely to call test items “old”) in their recognition memory decisions and enhanced recognition memory discrimination for items presented briefly. The former result may reflect an empirical regularity (Hirshman, 1995) in whichrecent strong memory experiences make participants more conservative. The latter result may reflect the effect of DHEA on visual perception, with consequent effects on memory. These results suggest the methodological importance of focusing on decision processes when examining the effects of hormones on memory. 相似文献
993.
Kilborne B 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2003,63(4):289-297
Psychoanalysts have assumed that Sophocles can be seen through the lens of Freud, and that the Oedipus complex is about the incest taboo, guilt, and aggression. However, an examination of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex (as well as other plays) suggests that these themes are only a part of the central dynamics of the play, perhaps not the most central part. This article describes discrepancies between what Freud sees of oedipal dynamics and the oedipal dynamics at work in Sophocles and suggests possible explanations. A central theme of my discussion is the shame and blindness of Oedipus. 相似文献
994.
Cotton top tamarins were tested in visible and invisible displacement tasks in a method similar to that used elsewhere to
test squirrel monkeys and orangutans. All subjects performed at levels significantly above chance on visible (n=8) and invisible (n=7) displacements, wherein the tasks included tests of the perseverance error, tests of memory in double and triple displacements,
and "catch" trials that tested for the use of the experimenter's hand as a cue for the correct cup. Performance on all nine
tasks was significantly higher than chance level selection of cups, and tasks using visible displacements generated more accurate
performance than tasks using invisible displacements. Performance was not accounted for by a practice effect based on exposure
to successive tasks. Results suggest that tamarins possess stage 6 object permanence capabilities, and that in a situation
involving brief exposure to tasks and foraging opportunities, tracking objects' movements and responding more flexibly are
abilities expressed readily by the tamarins.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
995.
Roland?G.?JansenEmail author Leon?F.?Wiertz Erik?S.?Meyer Lucas?P.?J.?J.?Noldus 《Behavior research methods》2003,35(3):391-399
In the reliability analysis literature, little attention has been given to the various possible ways of creating a basis for
the comparison required to compute observer agreement. One needs this comparison to turn a sequential list of behavioral records
into a confusion matrix. It is shown that the way to do this depends on the research question one needs to answer. Four methods
for creating a basis for comparison for the computation of observer agreement in observational data are presented. Guidelines
are given for computing observer agreement in a way that fits one’s goals. Finally, we discuss how these methods have been
implemented in The Observer software. The Observer 4.1 supports all the methods that have been discussed. Most of these methods
are not present in any other software package. 相似文献
996.
Lahey BB Applegate B Waldman ID Loft JD Hankin BL Rick J 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2004,113(3):358-385
To begin to resolve conflicts among current competing taxonomies of child and adolescent psychopathology, the authors developed an interview covering the symptoms of anxiety, depression, inattention, and disruptive behavior used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10; World Health Organization, 1992), and several implicit taxonomies. This interview will be used in the future to compare the internal and external validity of alternative taxonomies. To provide an informative framework for future hypothesis-testing studies, the authors used principal factor analysis to induce new testable hypotheses regarding the structure of this item pool in a representative sample of 1,358 children and adolescents ranging in age from 4 to 17 years. The resulting hypotheses differed from the DSM-IV, particularly in suggesting that some anxiety symptoms are part of the same syndrome as depression, whereas separation anxiety, fears, and compulsions constitute a separate anxiety dimension. 相似文献
997.
We evaluated the effects of response cards on student quiz scores and participation in an upper division undergraduate course at a small, private university. Results showed that response cards increased both quiz scores and student participation. In addition, a measure of the social validity of the response-card procedure suggested that students approved of the use of the cards. 相似文献
998.
999.
Walsh Benjamin M. Kabat-Farr Dana Matthews Russell A. Schulte Benjamin D. 《Journal of business and psychology》2021,36(5):841-856
Journal of Business and Psychology - To prevent workplace incivility, scholars encourage organizations to use reference checks to help eliminate uncivil applicants. However, under certain... 相似文献
1000.
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice - This essay is about the timing of research consent, a process that involves (potential) participants being given information about, among other things, upcoming... 相似文献