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Luca Bellotti 《Synthese》2007,154(2):199-229
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Language access and theory of mind reasoning: evidence from deaf children in bilingual and oralist environments 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Meristo M Falkman KW Hjelmquist E Tedoldi M Surian L Siegal M 《Developmental psychology》2007,43(5):1156-1169
This investigation examined whether access to sign language as a medium for instruction influences theory of mind (ToM) reasoning in deaf children with similar home language environments. Experiment 1 involved 97 deaf Italian children ages 4-12 years: 56 were from deaf families and had LIS (Italian Sign Language) as their native language, and 41 had acquired LIS as late signers following contact with signers outside their hearing families. Children receiving bimodal/bilingual instruction in LIS together with Sign-Supported and spoken Italian significantly outperformed children in oralist schools in which communication was in Italian and often relied on lipreading. Experiment 2 involved 61 deaf children in Estonia and Sweden ages 6-16 years. On a wide variety of ToM tasks, bilingually instructed native signers in Estonian Sign Language and spoken Estonian succeeded at a level similar to age-matched hearing children. They outperformed bilingually instructed late signers and native signers attending oralist schools. Particularly for native signers, access to sign language in a bilingual environment may facilitate conversational exchanges that promote the expression of ToM by enabling children to monitor others' mental states effectively. 相似文献
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When learning language, young children are faced with many seemingly formidable challenges, including discovering words embedded in a continuous stream of sounds and determining what role these words play in syntactic constructions. We suggest that knowledge of phoneme distributions may play a crucial part in helping children segment words and determine their lexical category, and we propose an integrated model of how children might go from unsegmented speech to lexical categories. We corroborated this theoretical model using a two‐stage computational analysis of a large corpus of English child‐directed speech. First, we used transition probabilities between phonemes to find words in unsegmented speech. Second, we used distributional information about word edges – the beginning and ending phonemes of words – to predict whether the segmented words from the first stage were nouns, verbs, or something else. The results indicate that discovering lexical units and their associated syntactic category in child‐directed speech is possible by attending to the statistics of single phoneme transitions and word‐initial and final phonemes. Thus, we suggest that a core computational principle in language acquisition is that the same source of information is used to learn about different aspects of linguistic structure. 相似文献
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Valentina Villa Gian Mauro Manzoni Francesco Pagnini Gianluca Castelnuovo Gian Luca Cesa Enrico Molinari 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):297-303
The purpose of this explorative research was to examine how the COPE (Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced Inventory),
an established instrument for measuring coping styles, and EDI-2 (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), a widely used questionnaire
for assessing psychological and behavioural features of eating disorders (ED), discriminate among healthy individuals, inpatients
with anorexia nervosa (AN) and inpatients with bulimia nervosa (BN). A discriminant analysis approach was used. Results showed
that coping styles such as positive attitude, planning and social support are even more discriminative variables than eating
disorder features. Implications for further studies are discussed. 相似文献
177.
We show that the modal μ-calculus over GL collapses to the modal fragment by showing that the fixpoint formula is reached after two iterations and answer to a question
posed by van Benthem in [4]. Further, we introduce the modal μ
~-calculus by allowing fixpoint constructors for any formula where the fixpoint variable appears guarded but not necessarily
positive and show that this calculus over GL collapses to the modal fragment, too. The latter result allows us a new proof of the de Jongh, Sambin Theorem and provides
a simple algorithm to construct the fixpoint formula.
Presented by Melvin Fitting 相似文献
178.
Luca Ferrero 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(3):403-430
There are two standard conceptions of the functioning of and rationale for the diachronic will, i.e., for an agent’s capacity
to settle on her future conduct in advance. According to the pragmatic-instrumentalist view, the diachronic will benefits
us by increasing the long-term satisfaction of our rational preferences. According to the cognitive view, it benefits us by
satisfying our standing desire for self-knowledge and self-understanding. Contrary to these views, I argue for a constitutive
view of the diachronic will: the rationale for it is that it makes possible to engage in activities with a radically novel
temporal structure, activities that are not merely continuous over time, but temporally integrated and unified. These activities
are essential to our form of life and to our existence as temporally unified agents. The instrumental and cognitive benefits,
if any, are merely secondary to the ontological ones.
相似文献
Luca FerreroEmail: |
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