Applied Research in Quality of Life - A number of South American countries experienced turbulent democratic, political and economic upheaval over the last 40 years in the form of coup... 相似文献
Human beings seem to be resilient and have a great capacity to overcome adverse circumstances. One apparent variable that may predict people's emotional and physical health after a trauma is their general level of psychological well‐being ( McMillen, Smith, & Fisher, 1997 ). The current study explores the role of subjective vitality and the perception of stress as mediators between general life satisfaction and post‐trauma physiological and psychological health related to the Canadian 1998 Ice Storm. Results of this dual route indicate that satisfaction with life positively predicted subjective vitality and negatively predicted perceived stress. In turn, subjective vitality lead to lower levels of ill‐health, whereas perception of stress lead to higher levels of physical symptoms and depression. 相似文献
The Puzzle of the Hats is a betting arrangement which seems to show that a Dutch book can be made against a group of rational players with common
priors who act in the common interest and have full trust in the other players’ rationality. But we show that appearances
are misleading—no such Dutch book can be made. There are four morals. First, what can be learned from the puzzle is that there
is a class of situations in which credences and betting rates diverge. Second, there is an analogy between ways of dealing
with situations of this kind and different policies for sequential choice. Third, there is an analogy with strategic voting,
showing that the common interest is not always served by expressing how things seem to you in social decision-making. And
fourth, our analysis of the Puzzle of the Hats casts light on a recent controversy about the Dutch book argument for the Sleeping Beauty. 相似文献
The aim of the current study was to examine differences in personality, coping skills, and select psychopathology symptoms in psychiatric patients with and without non-suicidal self-injury and/or suicide attempts. We collected data in a sample of 128 psychiatric patients by means of self-report questionnaires measuring self-harm, psychological symptoms, personality and coping skills. Results support a continuum of self-harm such that patients with both non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts exhibit significantly greater levels of psychopathology and lower levels of adaptive personality traits and coping skills. The findings point to the clinical importance of making a distinction between non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts, and offers additional variables to consider outside of intent when appraising suicide risk. 相似文献
A modulation of the primary impulse of manual/video-aiming movements performed without visual feedback has been reported.
In the present study, we show that this modulation is modified (a) with increased practice, (b) the use of an aligned visual
display, and (c) the availability of visual feedback on alternated trials. However, this modulation was not as efficient as
that observed in a normal vision condition, which underlines the primary role of vision to ensure endpoint accuracy. Moreover,
this modulation was observed only on the extent component of the task. This last observation indicates that proprioception
can be used to modulate the extent component of goal-directed movements but that vision is necessary to modulate their direction. 相似文献
We construct a new measure of voting power that yields reasonable measurements even if the individual votes are not cast independently. Our measure hinges on probabilities of counterfactuals, such as the probability that the outcome of a collective decision would have been yes, had a voter voted yes rather than no as she did in the real world. The probabilities of such counterfactuals are calculated on the basis of causal information, following the approach by Balke and Pearl. Opinion leaders whose votes have causal influence on other voters’ votes can have significantly more voting power under our measure. But the new measure of voting power is also sensitive to the voting rule. We show that our measure can be regarded as an average treatment effect, we provide examples in which it yields intuitively plausible results and we prove that it reduces to Banzhaf voting power in the limiting case of independent and equiprobable votes.
It has been proposed that observation of a model practising a motor skill results in the observer developing mechanisms for the detection and correction of errors that are similar to those acquired during physical practice. Results of a first experiment indicated that prior observation of a model permitted participants to estimate their errors as efficiently as those who had physically practised the task. Similarly, results of a second experiment indicated that observation of a model receiving biased knowledge of results during practice resulted in similarly biased reference and error detection/correction mechanisms for the observers and for the models. These results suggest that observation engages one in cognitive processes similar to those occurring during physical practice. 相似文献
A set of full-color images of objects is described for use in experiments investigating the effects of in-depth rotation on the identification of three-dimensional objects. The corpus contains up to 11 perspective views of 70 nameable objects. We also provide ratings of the “goodness” of each view, based on Thurstonian scaling of subjects’ preferences in a paired-comparison experiment. An exploratory cluster analysis on the scaling solutions indicates that the amount of information available in a given view generally is the major determinant of the goodness of the view. For instance, objects with an elongated front-back axis tend to cluster together, and the front and back views of these objects, which do not reveal the object’s major surfaces and features, are evaluated as the worst views. 相似文献