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151.
Luc Proteau Karine Boivin Stéphane Linossier Khémais Abahnini 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(3):277-286
The role played by peripheral visual information in the control of aiming movements is not fully understood, as is indicated by the conflicting results reported in the literature. In the present study, the authors tested and confirmed the hypothesis that the source of the conflict lies in the portion of the visual peripheral field that has been under scrutiny in the different studies. Participants (N = 60) moved a computer mouse from a fixed starting position to 1 of 3 targets under varied vision conditions. The portion of the peripheral visual field that best ensured directional accuracy of a sweeping movement was found to be located between 20° and 10° of visual angle, whereas the area found to favor directional accuracy of an aiming movement comprised 30° through 10° of visual angle. 相似文献
152.
In the 2 experiments reported in the present article, participants (N = 40, Experiment 1; N = 60, Experiment 2) learned to solve complex puzzles under different schedules of physical practice, observation, or a combination of the two. The results of both studies indicated that observation, in the absence of any physical practice, allows the development of an accurate but relatively nonfunctional cognitive representation. The data suggest that, even when the motor demands are minimal, the functional significance of the cognitive representation is not maximally realized until physical interaction with the task is possible. Thus, providing the participant with an interspersed practice schedule during acquisition enables that interaction to occur, thereby allowing the absolute number of physical practice trials to be reduced and replaced by observation trials, but leading to equivalent learning. 相似文献
153.
The authors investigated (a) whether the specificity of practice hypothesis is mediated by the importance of visual afferent information for the control of manual aiming movements and (b) how movement planning and online correction processes to the movement initial impulse are affected by the withdrawal of visual information in transfer. In acquisition, participants (N = 40) aimed at targets of different sizes in a full-vision or in a target-only condition before being transferred to a target-only condition without knowledge of results. The results supported the hypothesis that learning is specific to the source or sources of afferent information that are more likely to ensure optimal performance. The results also suggested that individuals will not always use visual afferent information more extensively when aiming at a small rather than at a large target. Instead, in a temporally constrained task, the relative efficiency of visually based corrections appears to mediate how exclusively an individual will rely on online visual afferent information for movement control. Finally, the detailed kinematic analysis performed in the present study clearly indicated that online modifications to the movement primary impulse are possible, arguing for a continuous or pseudo-continuous control of relatively slow aiming movements on the basis of visual afferent input. 相似文献
154.
McLeod (1980) reported some findings which showed that no phase of a movement was more attention-demanding than the other phases, contrary to all the results previously reported (e.g., Ells, 1973; Glencross, 1980). However, McLeod used a paradigm in which the two tasks were serial. Each task consisted of a series of 50 reaction time (RT) trials and/or 50 aiming movement trials. In addition to this, the interval of time between a response and the following signal within each series was constant. In order to try to replicate McLeod’s findings, two experiments were conducted in which the response-signal interval was manipulated. The hypothesis was that time certainty associated with a constant interval would facilitate the allocation of time and would thus artificially reduce the interference between tasks. In Experiment I, manual responses were used for the RT task; in Experiment II, they were vocal. Manipulation of the response-signal interval does not change one of the conclusions reached by McLeod: when the RT task involves vocal responses and the results on the RT task are analyzed in terms of response rather than stimulus arrival during the movement, then there is no phase of the movement which is more attention-demanding than the other phases. However, the results of Experiment II in which both the vocal RT task and the movement task significantly deteriorated in the dual-task condition were taken as an indication that the movement studied involved central attentional demands. 相似文献
155.
Like other fundamental needs, recent studies have shown that the need for autonomy elicits goal-oriented behaviors that aim to its restoration when it is thwarted. However, no research has yet examined the factors that moderate the restoration process. In the present studies, we investigated the moderating role of perceived competence in the restoration of autonomy. We monitored autonomy restoration behaviors by assessing the extent to which participants turn away from a controlling function in a computerized puzzle task. Across the two studies, the results suggested that, in comparison with baseline participants, autonomy-deprived participants acted to regain their autonomy but only when their level of perceived competence in the task was high. When perceived competence was low, participants disengaged from autonomy restoration, seemingly to favor competence. These findings are discussed using self-determination theory and models of stress and coping. 相似文献
156.
Luc Proteau Ronald G. Marteniuk Line L vesque 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1992,44(3):557-575
Our previous work (Proteau, Marteniuk, Girouard, & Dugas, 1987) was concerned with determining whether with relatively extensive practice on a movement aiming task, as the skill theoretically starts becoming open-loop, there would be evidence for a decreasing emphasis on visual feedback for motor control. We eliminated vision of the moving limb after moderate and extensive practice and found that the movement became more dependent on this feedback with greater amounts of practice. In the present study, we wished to test the hypothesis, developed from our previous work, that at the base of movement learning is a sensorimotor representation that consists of integrated information from central processes and sensory feedback derived from previous experiences on the movement task. A strong test of this hypothesis would be the prediction that for an aiming task, the addition of vision, after moderate and relatively extensive practice without vision, would lead to an increasingly large movement decrement, relative to appropriate controls. We found good support for this prediction. From these and previous results, and the idea of the sensorimotor representation underlying learning, we develop the idea that learning is specific to the conditions that prevail during skill acquisition. This has implications for the ideas of generalized motor program and schema theory. 相似文献
157.
Luc Proteau Guillaume Masson 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1997,50(4):726-741
It is well known that dynamic visual information influences movement control, whereas the role played by background visual information is still largely unknown. Evidence coming mainly from eye movement and manual tracking studies indicates that background visual information modifies motion perception and might influence movement control. The goal of the present study was to test this hypothesis. Subjects had to apply pressure on a strain gauge to displace in a single action a cursor shown on a video display and to immobilize it on a target shown on the same display. In some instances, the visual background against which the cursor moved was unexpectedly perturbed in a direction opposite to (Experiment 1), or in the same direction as (Experiment 2) the cursor controlled by the subject. The results of both experiments indicated that the introduction of a visual perturbation significantly affected aiming accuracy. These results suggest that background visual information is used to evaluate the velocity of the aiming cursor, and that this perceived velocity is fed back to the control system, which uses it for on-line corrections. 相似文献
158.
Emotional Intelligence or Personality in Resistance to Change? Empirical Results in an Italian Health Care Context
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Annamaria Di Fabio Jean‐Luc Bernaud Even Loarer 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2014,51(4):146-157
This study investigated the role of personality traits and emotional intelligence in relation to resistance to change. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised Short Form, the Bar‐On Emotional Quotient Inventory, and the Resistance to Change Scale were administered to 274 Italian physicians and nurses. With respect to resistance to change, the study revealed that emotional intelligence added a significant percentage of incremental variance compared with personality trait variances. The results highlight the role of emotional intelligence and its relationship with resistance to change and offer new research and intervention perspectives for career development and career counseling. 相似文献
159.
160.
It has been found that emotional pictures are estimated to last longer than neutral ones. However, emotional and neutral stimuli often differ in their physical characteristics, too. Since this might also affect time perception, we present a method disentangling a possible confounding regarding the processing of physically different stimulus material. In the evaluative condition paradigm, participants, at first, learnt the association of neutral images with a certain Landolt ring and of emotional images with another Landolt ring with a different gap position. The conditioned Landolt rings were subsequently used in a temporal bisection task. In two experiments, the results revealed a temporal overestimation of Landolt rings conditioned with emotional pictures compared to neutral pictures showing that the temporal overestimation of emotional stimuli cannot be attributed to perceptual differences between neutral and emotional stimuli. The method provides the potential for investigating emotional effects on various perceptual processes. 相似文献