A Qualitative and Quantitative Review of Antecedents of Counterproductive Behavior in Organizations

This paper presents a qualitative and quantitative review of the antecedents of counterproductive behaviors (CPB). The qualitative review organizes antecedents identified in past research into four broad categories: personal, organizational, work, and contextual factors. The quantitative review includes metaanalyses of 40 published studies with a combined sample size of 42,359. The results indicate that employees who are young or dissatisfied engage in more CPBs. In addition, absenteeism is more prevalent among employees who are young, female, have lower income, have lower job satisfaction, and who perceive a stronger absence norm, or a stronger ability to be on time.     

Quantified or nonquantified: How quantification affects consumers' motivation in goal pursuit

Being exposed to more data and devices with tracking functions than ever, quantification is concerned by an increasing number of consumers. The self‐reflection from data may raise consumers' awareness of their own goals to better modify their behaviors. This paper describes consumers' reaction to quantification and confirms its motivational effect in goal pursuit. First, we investigate the motivational effect of quantification and reveal its internal mechanism from the individual–community perspective. Results show that quantification can promote consumers' goal pursuit motivation. A quantified (vs. nonquantified) way to track progress in pursuit of a goal can strengthen consumers' self‐empowerment (individual level) and difference‐insight (community level), thus enhancing the goal pursuit motivation. Second, we explore the moderating effect of some factors on the motivational effect of quantification. Results confirm that self‐empowerment can be enhanced with high data–color consistency, and difference‐insight can be increased with low outcome–process consistency. Third, we identify the validity of various data presentation modes. Using the interactive progress framing (to date with to go) together with the several subunits mode to deliver data in different progress stages is found to be an effective way to promote consumers' goal pursuit motivation.     

The Relationship between Individualism—Collectivism and Job Satisfaction

On a exploré dans trois recherches la relation entre la satisfaction professionnelle et les mentalités individualiste ou communautaire. Dans la première, une étude de niveau écologique, nous avons trouvé des corrélations à la limite de seuil de signification entre l'indice d'individualisme de Hofstede et des attitudes défavorables envers la communication et les relations professionnelles; toutes deux relèvent des aspects inter-individuels du travail. Pour la deuxième recherche, c'est un échantillon d'employés chinois de Hong Kong qui ont fourni les données. Les employés présentant un sentiment communautaire se montraient plus satisfaits de leur travail, de leur salaire, de leur promotion, de leur encadrement et de leurs collègues que leurs homologues individualistes. La troisième étude a retrouvé les résultats de la deuxième avec un échantillon d'employés d'un niveau plus modeste.
The relationship between individualism-collectivism and job satisfaction was explored in three studies. In the first, ecological-level, study, we found marginally significant correlations between Hofstede's individualism index and unfavourable attitudes towards working relationships and communication, both being interpersonal aspects of work. In the second study, data were collected from a sample of Chinese employees in Hong Kong. Collectivist employees reported higher satisfaction with their work, pay, promotion, supervision, and coworker than their individualist counterparts. Study 3 replicated findings of Study 2, with a sample of employees at a lower rank.     

巴门尼德残篇中的Aletheia

本文分析了巴门尼德残篇中出现的Aletheia这个概念,认为通常在与“意见”相对立的“真理”的意义上理解Aletheia是不合适的。这个概念与“是”、“是者”直接相关,甚至可以作为“是者是”这个命题的主词。在巴门尼德的残篇中Aletheia显示了它的独特性,既是女神话语的一种绝对担保,又在一种典型的古希腊式的论辩气氛中维持着自身的自满自足,为其后的思想开辟出一条新的道路。文章借用海德格尔的视野论述了Aletheia这个问题在思想上显示出来的重要性,并试图将“是者是”这个命题所道出的“同一性”摆置到其源出的位置上去。     

Gifts in a Romantic Relationship: A Survival Analysis

Employing a survival analysis approach, this study synthesizes 3 aspects of gift literature and suggests their effects on the timing of dissolution for a romantic relationship. Products or services can be consumed for the purpose of enhancing self‐attractiveness (self‐gift), expressing love to partners (other‐gift), and announcing a relationship to the outer world (joint‐gift). Results indicate that the distribution of time until dissolution for young students’ romantic relationships is more likely to first fall and then rise. Gifts can delay the timing of dissolution, but not the probability of its final destination. For female students, self‐enhancing gifts are found to delay the timing; for male students, love‐expressive gifts speed up the timing; and for both male and female students, relationship‐announcing gifts delay the timing of dissolution. Consumers, thus, are advised to use gifts to make their relationships endure, but not to attempt to alter a poor relationship into a successful one.     

Customer-Initiated Support and Employees’ Proactive Customer Service Performance: A Multilevel Examination of Proactive Motivation as the Mediator

Drawing on the proactive motivation model and theories of motivation, the current study examined customer-initiated support as an antecedent of employees’ proactive customer service performance (PCSP) and investigated the mediating role of proactive motivations and the moderating role of serving culture. We conducted two multilevel studies to test the proposed hypotheses. In study 1, we collected diary data from 158 nurses across 10 working days, and results showed that the relationship between nurses’ daily experience of customer-initiated support and their PCSP was mediated by self-efficacy, work meaning, and positive affect. In study 2, we collected multilevel multi-source data from 373 nurses nested within 80 units and found that nurses’ experience of customer-initiated support was positively related to their supervisor-rated PCSP via role-breadth self-efficacy and work meaning, but not through positive affect. Further, team-level serving culture strengthened the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and role-breadth self-efficacy. These findings shed light on understanding the effect of customer-initiated support as an external factor on prompting service employees’ proactive behaviors, potential motivational mediators to explain the underlying mechanisms, and potential boundary conditions inside of service organizations to strengthen the positive effects of customer-initiated support.     

中国现代的基督徒是如何读圣经的--以吴雷川与赵紫宸处理《圣经》的原则与方法为例

中国文化的古老历史和宗教的多元化决定了他们面对的是一个“多元宗教经典”构成的世界,不同时代的社会处境也对他们的信仰提出了各种挑战,会创造怎样一种阅读圣经的方法,用来诠释基督教经典并确立自己的身份意识。本文选取吴雷川与赵紫宸为个案的研究对象,以他们读《圣经》的原则与方法为例,考察中国现代基督徒知识分子是如何看待和阐释经文,试图以此为亚洲处境下的圣经诠释学提供研究的一个范本。     

受顺序影响的证真偏向:来自四卡问题新范式的证据

通过对经典四卡问题呈现方式的改进,逐一呈现与命题对应的检验证据,要求被试判断每一证据在命题检验中的作用。结果表明:(1)"证真偏向"依然存在,但从正确率来看,顺证真与顺证伪没有显著差异;(2)发现了显著的顺序效应,与逆向检验相比,顺向检验有更高的正确率与更短的反应时;(3)被试加工与命题"无关联"刺激时存在明显困难,其正确率显著较低。这些结果说明个体在判断不同证据对命题检验的作用时会受到命题内在方向性的影响,个体可能会采用一些固有推理图式以及简单的匹配策略解决问题。     

"北斗八女"考——另附汉译密教佛经中南斗北斗之汉化分析

汉译密教佛经中直接以北斗为题材的经文集中出现在盛唐,其中印度来华僧人金刚智所译<北斗七星念诵仪轨>经中,有"北斗八女"字样,同经文标题"北斗七星"相异,在<大正藏>所选用的几个版本经文中也有所同异.笔者比对相关文献考得此"北斗八女"并非"北斗七星"之讹写,其背后是道教的北辰北斗崇拜对密教的影响.比较僧一行撰写的<北斗七星护摩法>,可从中看出密教经文在北斗崇拜上的进一步汉化:不但形式上更接近道教经文,同时此经中首次出现对"火星入南斗"这一传统天象的攘灾之法,是将中土星占内容融入密教佛经中的一条明证,也是天学家身份的僧一行特殊的综合工作.笔者认为金刚智的译文,保留了唐以前道教对密教在北斗崇拜上的影响,而僧一行的工作,是对密教佛经的二次汉化.对这一过程的分析,有助于辨别北斗经文的成文时间上的前后顺序,也有助于理解史传及笔记故事中北斗所具有的丰富内涵.