客体表征质量在语义客体注意效应中的作用

已有研究表明,除自下而上因素外,自上而下因素也能够对客体知觉起到调节作用,从而影响注意的分配。本研究以不同词频（高频和低频）的汉语双字词为实验材料,采用双矩形线索范式变式考察不同语义客体表征质量对基于语义客体注意效应的影响。结果发现,在高语义客体表征质量的条件下出现了基于语义客体的注意效应,而在低语义客体表征质量的条件下并未出现基于语义客体的注意效应。该结果表明,语义客体表征质量的高低是影响基于语义客体注意效应的重要因素。     

茅山炼师张绍英

江苏丹阳历史上释道人物很多.佛教中有法融者开创牛头禅宗而名闻天下;道教中有韦景昭、吴法通、汤志道、翟志颖四人先后入主茅山,并跻身上清派宗师之列.此外,北宋时还有一个丹阳籍高道,隐于茅山修炼而闻名遐迩,他就是宋仁宗屡诏不出的明真先生张绍英.     

"礼失求诸野"义疏

本文认为"礼失求诸野"是儒家的一项文化开放主张,通过历史疏证,可知其适用范围很广,并由此形成中国文化发展与整合互动的机制,即以民间文化丰富经典文化,以四夷或域外文化充实中国文化,反之,经典文化则对民间和四夷文化进行整合,从而既保持中国文化的主体性,又蕴含着生生不息的发展张力.     

冯特的宗教心理学思想研究

在进化论思想指导下,冯特从心理学角度对宗教的起源、发展、本质等诸问题进行了分析.他认为:宗教起源于由死亡和疾病带来的恐惧;经历了魔鬼崇拜、图腾崇拜、英雄和诸神崇拜以及人性宗教四个发展阶段;宗教在本质上是人类高级心理活动的产物,是民族智慧的结晶,其发展符合民族心理发展的一般规律;宗教和其他文化现象之间有着极为密切的联系.他的研究不仅丰富了宗教人类学理论,而且对宗教心理学的发展具有深远的影响.     

语音回路和视空间模板对音位流畅性和语义流畅性的影响

采用双任务范式,通过四种次任务考察了工作记忆两个子系统－语音回路和视空间模板对音位流畅性和语义流畅性的影响。实验1表明,主动产生系列发音和被动聆听声音判断对音位流畅性影响更大,表明音位流畅性更依赖于语音回路。实验2表明,字形匹配和字形旋转判断对语义流畅性影响更大,表明语义流畅性更依赖于视空间模板。研究还表明,被试完成音位流畅性任务的策略更易受语言的特点影响,完成语义流畅性任务的策略更易受概念系统的特性影响     

Semantic interference on a phonological task in illiterate subjects

Previous research suggests that learning an alphabetic written language influences aspects of the auditory-verbal language system. In this study, we examined whether literacy influences the notion of words as phonological units independent of lexical semantics in literate and illiterate subjects. Subjects had to decide which item in a word- or pseudoword pair was phonologically longest. By manipulating the relationship between referent size and phonological length in three word conditions (congruent, neutral, and incongruent) we could examine to what extent subjects focused on form rather than meaning of the stimulus material. Moreover, the pseudoword condition allowed us to examine global phonological awareness independent of lexical semantics. The results showed that literate performed significantly better than illiterate subjects in the neutral and incongruent word conditions as well as in the pseudoword condition. The illiterate group performed least well in the incongruent condition and significantly better in the pseudoword condition compared to the neutral and incongruent word conditions and suggest that performance on phonological word length comparisons is dependent on literacy. In addition, the results show that the illiterate participants are able to perceive and process phonological length, albeit less well than the literate subjects, when no semantic interference is present. In conclusion, the present results confirm and extend the finding that illiterate subjects are biased towards semantic-conceptual-pragmatic types of cognitive processing.     

句法加工的ERP研究综述

句法加工是语言理解中的重要环节。句法加工的脑机制问题是心理语言学和认知神经科学的重要研究内容。使用事件相关电位(ERP)技术对句法加工的脑机制的研究已经取得了一些重要的研究成果,发现了句法加工的早成分(LAN)和晚成分(P600/SPS),确立了一些句法加工的研究范式。在这个过程中,也还有一些问题存在争论。该文将对句法加工的ERP研究的成果和问题分别进行介绍和讨论。     

逻辑论证与主体体验:中西哲学 "形上本体"之比较

哲学从某种意义上就是关于“形上本体”之学。哲学如海德格尔所言,总是表达着人的某种天性,也可以把这种天性叫“形而上学”。哲学关注于“形上之在”(人),凭借着“形上之思”(与计算性思维)相区别,构建着“形而上学”,表达着“形上之追求”。可以说,康德的观点是正确的,即形而     

Social effects of an anthropomorphic help agent: humans versus computers.

The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of fairness of a computer-administered quiz as a function of the anthropomorphic features of the help agent offered within the quiz environment. The addition of simple anthropomorphic cues to a computer help agent reduced the perceived friendliness of the agent, perceived intelligence of the agent, and the perceived fairness of the quiz. These differences were observed only for male anthropomorphic cues, but not for female anthropomorphic cues. The results were not explained by the social attraction of the anthropomorphic agents used in the quiz or by gender identification with the agents. Priming of visual cues provides the best account of the data. Practical implications of the study are discussed.     

楚竹书《孔子诗论》“类序”辨析

通过对楚竹书《孔子诗论》的分析,结合对《诗经》文本形成过程的探讨,得出《诗经》之部类及其类序为《风》、《小雅》、《大雅》、《颂》的结论,同时厘清孔子、《孔子诗论》和《毛诗》在文本方面的关系。《诗经》的结集经历了一个过程,其分类由来已久;未曾更改。《诗》“类序”的形成也具有一定的历史性,是在《诗》文本编辑过程中自然形成的。孔子在整理《诗经》的过程中并不存在一个前提性的“编序”原则,所谓孔子“删诗”,只是对诗篇做些必要的一般性古籍整理而已。至于出土文献《孔子诗论》中偶尔出现的颠倒《诗》“类序”的论述亦属正常,并不能说明孔子曾编有与传统《诗》“类序”相反的文本,也不能否定《毛诗》文本具有一定的历史延续性,更不能由此说明《孔子诗论》中出现“类序颠倒”具有更为不可测知的寓意。