目标定向对创造性个性的影响

基于创造性研究的社会心理学取向,本研究试图探讨目标定向干预对创造性个性的影响。对73名高一学生施以TARGET模式3个月以引导掌握定向的形成;另73名高一学生作为控制组。协方差分析表明,实验组的创造性个性有明显改善;被试实验前的目标定向对实验效果具有一定的影响,实验前成绩接近定向的倾向较弱的被试其创造性个性的改善较为明显。总之,目标定向干预可导致创造性个性的改善。     

A Bayesian Modeling Approach for Generalized Semiparametric Structural Equation Models

In behavioral, biomedical, and psychological studies, structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely used for assessing relationships between latent variables. Regression-type structural models based on parametric functions are often used for such purposes. In many applications, however, parametric SEMs are not adequate to capture subtle patterns in the functions over the entire range of the predictor variable. A different but equally important limitation of traditional parametric SEMs is that they are not designed to handle mixed data types—continuous, count, ordered, and unordered categorical. This paper develops a generalized semiparametric SEM that is able to handle mixed data types and to simultaneously model different functional relationships among latent variables. A structural equation of the proposed SEM is formulated using a series of unspecified smooth functions. The Bayesian P-splines approach and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed to estimate the smooth functions and the unknown parameters. Moreover, we examine the relative benefits of semiparametric modeling over parametric modeling using a Bayesian model-comparison statistic, called the complete deviance information criterion (DIC). The performance of the developed methodology is evaluated using a simulation study. To illustrate the method, we used a data set derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.     

楚竹书《孔子诗论》“类序”辨析

通过对楚竹书《孔子诗论》的分析,结合对《诗经》文本形成过程的探讨,得出《诗经》之部类及其类序为《风》、《小雅》、《大雅》、《颂》的结论,同时厘清孔子、《孔子诗论》和《毛诗》在文本方面的关系。《诗经》的结集经历了一个过程,其分类由来已久;未曾更改。《诗》“类序”的形成也具有一定的历史性,是在《诗》文本编辑过程中自然形成的。孔子在整理《诗经》的过程中并不存在一个前提性的“编序”原则,所谓孔子“删诗”,只是对诗篇做些必要的一般性古籍整理而已。至于出土文献《孔子诗论》中偶尔出现的颠倒《诗》“类序”的论述亦属正常,并不能说明孔子曾编有与传统《诗》“类序”相反的文本,也不能否定《毛诗》文本具有一定的历史延续性,更不能由此说明《孔子诗论》中出现“类序颠倒”具有更为不可测知的寓意。     

澳门中学生自我价值感及其影响因素的初步研究

用黄希庭等人的(青少年自我价值感量表)对澳门初一至高三中学生的自我价值感及其影响因素进行了调查。结果表明：被试自我价值感存在显着的性别差异;在整个中学阶段,被试自我价值感的发展保持在一个相对平稳的水平;人生目标、学习成绩、家庭人际关系、参加文艺活动和参加体育运动等五项因素对澳门中学生自我价值感有显着的影响。     

Role resources and work–family enrichment: The role of work engagement

This article proposes a theoretical model of work-family enrichment and tests the mediating role of work engagement. The inclusion of work engagement extends prior research on work-family interface, and allows for examination of the effects of role resources (job resources, family support) on work-family enrichment. A two-wave survey was conducted among a matched sample of 786 employees in China. The model was tested with structural equation modeling techniques. The results showed that work engagement was the most proximal predictor of work-family enrichment. Work engagement fully mediated the relationship between family-friendly organizational policies and work-family enrichment, and also between job autonomy and family-work enrichment. Further, work engagement partially mediated the relationships between two job resources (supervisor support, job autonomy) and work-family enrichment, and also between family support and family-work enrichment. No difference was found in gender and marital status in the proposed model. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.     

晚明清初儒学转型中的性命论演进

作为儒学研究的重要内容,性命论在晚明清初儒学转型进程中呈现极为复杂的发展形态。于晚明三教合流趋势中,部分儒者所持性命论主张对佛、道思想具有极高程度的包容力,由此引发大规模的"正统""异端"之争;于心学修正思潮中,东林学派及之后刘宗周对传统儒学"性命"之说秉持更为严肃的坚守态度,如此,"性命"的客观义、超越义得到强调;清初,在形上学渐趋没落之际,部分儒学人士对"性命"的诠释多从"材质之性"谈起——侧重对现实人生延续及发展等诉求的考量,此时性命论"天"字义渐次流失,"命"的世俗义得到落实。     

皮亚杰的方法论：体系、优势与启示

皮亚杰的方法论体系包括：(1）发生学的理念;(2)“适应”和“运演”的理论解释工具;(3)获取资料的临床访谈法．他以这样的方法论体系而建立起来的理论具有：理性性、解释性、整体性等特征。皮亚杰方法论对我们当前的心理学研究具有启示意义。当前的一些研究在很大程度上,恪守着“实证”与“量化”的规范;却忽视研究主体的理性建构作用。     

Multidimensional Gender Identity and Psychological Adjustment in Middle Childhood: A Study in China

This study examined the multiple components of gender identity (Egan and Perry 2001) and their relationships with psychological adjustment among 201 boys and 160 girls (aged 9 to 12 years) in Mainland China. Boys were found to be more content about their gender but feel more pressure to conform to gender stereotypes than girls. No gender or age differences were found in children’s intergroup bias. Higher gender typicality was related to greater global self-worth, greater social competence, and lower sense of loneliness. However, neither felt pressure nor gender contentment significantly predicted psychological adjustment. These results were compared with findings of previous United States-based studies to highlight the impacts of cultural contexts on gender identity and their effects on adjustment.     

Discriminant Analysis Using Mixed Continuous,Dichotomous, and Ordered Categorical Variables

This article proposes an intuitive approach for predictive discriminant analysis with mixed continuous, dichotomous, and ordered categorical variables that are defined via an underlying multivariate normal distribution with a threshold specification. The classification rule is based on the comparison of the observed data logarithm probability density functions. To reduce the computational burden, the analysis is conducted in the context of a confirmatory factor analysis model with independent error measurements. Identification of the dichotomous and ordered categorical variables is discussed. Results are obtained by implementations of a Monte Carlo expectation maximization (MCEM)algorithm and a path sampling procedure. Probabilities of misclassification are estimated via the idea of the “jackknife” method. A real example is given to illustrate the proposed method.     

Aggression in Toddlers: Associations With Parenting and Marital Relations

This study examined the relation among parenting factors, marital relations, and toddler aggression. A structured questionnaire was administered to both parents of 254 2-year-olds. The authors used correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to assess the extent to which certain personality traits, drug use, parenting style, and marital conflicts were related to the toddlers' aggressive behavior. Results showed that the maternal child-rearing and parental aggression domains had a direct effect on toddler aggression. The domain of maternal child rearing also served as a mediator for the domains of marital relations, paternal child rearing, parental aggression, and parental drug use. The findings indicated that maternal child-rearing practices, personality attributes, and drug use were more important than paternal attributes in relation to toddler aggression. Implications for prevention among families at risk are discussed.