大学生网络成瘾：背景性渴求与同伴网络过度使用行为及态度的交互作用

基于整体-交互作用模型,选取北京市某高校所有大一学生2511名为被试开展问卷调查,考察了大学生网络使用背景性渴求的特点及其与网络成瘾之间的关系,并就网络使用背景性渴求与同伴网络过度使用行为与态度对网络成瘾的交互作用进行了检验。结果发现:(1)与非网络成瘾大学生相比,网络成瘾大学生的网络使用背景性渴求更高,所感知到的同伴网络过度使用行为更多,同伴对网络过度使用的态度更积极;(2)网络使用背景性渴求各维度、感知到的同伴网络过度使用行为可正向预测大学生的网络成瘾;(3)背景性渴求中的积极结果预期与同伴对网络过度使用的态度对网络成瘾存在显著的交互效应:在低积极结果预期条件下,同伴对网络过度使用的态度可以负向预测网络成瘾程度,而在高积极结果预期条件下,同伴态度对网络成瘾的预测作用不显著。结论:外因在内因比较微弱的条件下发挥更为明显的作用。     

孤独症儿童共同注意的神经基础及早期干预

共同注意是指两个人共同对某一事物加以注意, 分享对该事物的兴趣, 它是儿童社会认知发展的奠基性能力。首先, 孤独症儿童共同注意发展主要体现在注视转换、主动展示、分享等能力发展滞后及缺陷; 孤独症儿童共同注意的神经基础：应答性共同注意主要涉及后部皮层注意网络(如颞上沟后部、顶内沟等), 自发性共同注意涉及前部皮层注意网络(如前扣带皮层、背内侧额叶等); 最后, 以回合式教法和关键反应训练为基本方法, 论述了共同注意干预的新近模式和效果评估。未来研究应在孤独症儿童的共同注意发展的年龄特征及机制、共同注意的脑区可塑性及脑网络的发展以及开发更有效的干预方法等方面展开大量研究。     

先天性音乐障碍的音高空间表征能力研究

利用音高空间表征任务、心理旋转任务和音高辨别任务,探讨先天性音乐障碍者音高空间表征能力、心理旋转加工能力和音高辨别能力。结果发现：先天性音乐障碍组音高空间表征任务标准差、心理旋转任务错误率和音高辨别任务错误率均显著高于控制组。 这些结果表明先天性音乐障碍并非音乐特异性障碍,而是音乐相关性障碍。     

Methodological naturalism and epistemic internalism

Epistemic naturalism holds that the results or methodologies from the cognitive sciences are relevant to epistemology, and some have maintained that scientific methods are more compatible with externalist theories of justification than with internalist theories. But practically all discussions about naturalized epistemology are framed exclusively in terms of cognitive psychology, which is only one of the cognitive sciences. The question addressed in this essay is whether a commitment to naturalism really does favor externalism over internalism, and we offer reasons for thinking that naturalism in epistemology is compatible with both internalist and externalist conceptions of justification. We also argue that there are some distinctively internalist aims that are currently being studied scientifically and these notions, and others, should be studied by scientific methods. This essay is dedicated to Deborah Mayo, who has long advocated using error statistical techniques to analyze and resolve epistemological puzzles in the philosophy of science. This essay follows the same spirit by advocating that computational concepts and techniques be applied within the heart of traditional, analytic epistemology.     

内隐领导理论:认知革命在领导研究领域的新拓展

以认知心理学理论为基础的内隐领导理论研究近十几年来引起人们极大的兴趣,逐渐成为领导研究的新热点.本文通过对该领域当前最新研究成果的回顾与思考,探讨了内隐领导理论的概念、结构、一致性与影响因素,并提出了实践与未来研究的建议.     

家庭因素对大学生心理健康的影响研究

本研究以问卷调查的方式试图对父母婚姻状况、家庭子女数、父母的文化及工作单位等家庭因素对大学生心理健康状况的影响进行量化的研究.通过对北京某大学6165份有效数据的分析,结果表明家庭的多种因素对大学生的心理健康产生了显著的影响.     

A hierarchical approach for fitting curves to response time measurements

Understanding how response time (RT) changes with manipulations has been critical in distinguishing among theories in cognition. It is well known that aggregating data distorts functional relationships (e.g., Estes, 1956). Less well appreciated is a second pitfall: Minimizing squared errors (i.e., OLS regression) also distorts estimated functional forms with RT data. We discuss three properties of RT that should be modeled for accurate analysis and, on the basis of these three properties, provide a hierarchical Weibull regression model for regressing RT onto covariates. Hierarchical regression model analysis of lexical decision task data reveals that RT decreases as a power function of word frequency with the scale of RT decreasing 11% for every doubling of word frequency. A detailed discussion of the model and analysis techniques are presented as archived materials and may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.     

The individual-oriented and social-oriented Chinese bicultural self: testing the theory

The author proposes a bicultural self theory for contemporary Chinese individuals, encompassing 2 main components: the individual-oriented self and the social-oriented self. The social orientation is rooted in traditional Chinese conceptualization of the self, whereas the individual orientation has evolved and developed under Western influences along with recent societal modernization. The author conducted a series of 5 studies to test the theory and relate the model to important issues in current personality and social psychological research, such as cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, motivation, cognition, emotion, and well-being. A total of 977 university students in Taiwan participated. The author found that contrasting self-aspects were differentially associated with the aforementioned constructs, as theoretically predicted. This evidence thus generally supported the bicultural self model.     

宗教心理学在美国的发展历程及态势探析

本文通过对美国宗教心理学发展历程的梳理,从中揭示出美国宗教心理学当前的发展态势及存在的问题。美国的宗教心理学经历了兴起、衰落、复兴的曲折发展过程。宗教观念、宗教体验、宗教行为构成美国宗教心理学研究的基本维度,宗教与人格的关系、宗教与心理健康的关系在美国宗教心理学的研究中处于突出地位。两支研究队伍的分歧及心理学取向的研究者在研究方法方面的分歧,系美国宗教心理学研究值得重视的问题。     

当前医患纠纷解决模式的法律与道德评价

我国医患纠纷的最终解决是通过传统的民事诉讼途径,然而,这种模式并不符合医疗案件本身的特点。从法律和道德的角度而言,我们必须对医疗诉讼的制度设计重新进行反思,并在此基础上进行变革。