Both maternal and paternal parental involvement are critical for child development. What is unclear, nonetheless, is how parents’ own relationships contribute to the growth of children. Addressing the question, we predicted marital satisfaction strengthens parenting efficacy, making parental involvement more effective in increasing children’s functioning. To test the hypothesis, we analyzed a nationally representative large-sample survey of 3-year-olds (N = 2164), wherein their language, cognitive, social, and emotional development, maternal and paternal parental involvement, as well as the marital satisfaction of the parents were assessed. The results supported the predictions by showing the critical role of fathers—the mother parents through the father in a satisfying marriage, more than she does in a dissatisfying marriage, and their young children subsequently grow better when their parents are satisfying partners. Together, the findings reveal potential mechanisms through which well-being may be passed down from one generation to the next.
Applied Research in Quality of Life - The use of electronic service-learning (e-Service-Learning or e-SL) is valuable under COVID-19 because we can provide the service without physical contact.... 相似文献
Mediation analysis constitutes an important part of treatment study to identify the mechanisms by which an intervention achieves its effect. Structural equation model (SEM) is a popular framework for modeling such causal relationship. However, current methods impose various restrictions on the study designs and data distributions, limiting the utility of the information they provide in real study applications. In particular, in longitudinal studies missing data is commonly addressed under the assumption of missing at random (MAR), where current methods are unable to handle such missing data if parametric assumptions are violated. In this paper, we propose a new, robust approach to address the limitations of current SEM within the context of longitudinal mediation analysis by utilizing a class of functional response models (FRM). Being distribution-free, the FRM-based approach does not impose any parametric assumption on data distributions. In addition, by extending the inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimates to the current context, the FRM-based SEM provides valid inference for longitudinal mediation analysis under the two most popular missing data mechanisms; missing completely at random (MCAR) and missing at random (MAR). We illustrate the approach with both real and simulated data. 相似文献
Any decision is made in some way or another. Which way? (Have I worked out enough alternatives to choose from? Which decision rule to apply?) That is a higher-order decision problem, to be dealt with in some way or other. Which way? That is an even higher-order decision problem. There seems to be a regress of decision problems toward higher and higher orders. But in daily life we stop moving to higher-order decision problems—stop the regress—at some finite point. The regress problem of deciding how to decide is the problem of explaining what would make it rational to stop the regress. I will give a new solution in the present paper. The result suggests a new way of looking at standard Bayesian theory and the more recent theory of adaptive rationality. 相似文献
Young and older adults searched for a unique face in a set of three schematic faces and identified a secondary feature of the target. The faces could be negative, positive, or neutral. Young adults were slower and less accurate in searching for a negative face among neutral faces when they had previewed a display of negative faces than when they had previewed neutral faces, indicating an emotional distractor previewing effect (DPE), but this effect was eliminated with inverted faces. The DPE is an index of inter-trial inhibition to keep attention away from previewed, non-target information. Older adults also showed such an emotional DPE, but it was present with both upright and inverted faces. These results show that, in general, both young and old participants are sensitive to trial history, yet the different patterns of results suggest that these two groups remember and use different types of perceptual information when searching through emotional faces. 相似文献
We aim to verify the equivalence between the paper and electronic version of Chinese SF-36 administered using the Quality-of-Life-Recorder.
A crossover trial of the electronic and paper versions of the Chinese SF-36 was performed as follows: the interviewees were
asked to fill out either an electronic version or a paper version firstly according to their own willingness. After at least
30 min interval, interviewees were required to complete the other version. This study used a convenience sample of medical
college freshman participating in courses at the College of Medicine of Zhejiang University (China). About 100 subjects were
eventually recruited and the response rate was 90.9%. The mean difference of completion time between the two versions was
caused by an impact of order sequence and advantages of the electronic version over the paper version were eventually verified.
At both the level of eight subscales and the level of 36 items, score equivalence was achieved between two versions. Thereby
this study provided an empirical basis for the identification of the equivalence between the paper version and electronic
version of the Chinese SF-36 and can be regarded as a pilot towards further investigations on how to facilitate widespread
deployment of the Quality-of-Life-Recorder in Asian populations. 相似文献
Earlier studies have examined the issues of brain spatial localization in human sentential inductive reasoning using PET/fMRI. However, the temporal characteristics of such reasoning remain unclear. In our present study, we have used ERP (Event-related Potential) to further study human inductive reasoning involving sentential tasks. For congruent induction tasks, in which premises and conclusions are related, participants need to synthesize semantic information from the premises, conclusions, as well as background knowledge, while for incongruent induction tasks (baseline), in which premises and conclusions are unrelated, participants can respond “no” immediately. Behavioral data have been obtained that is consistent with expectations. ERPs imply that participants may integrate semantic information within the time window of 350–650 ms. Statistical analysis in the frequency domain has revealed a significant increase in the power of the gamma band (30–50 Hz) for congruent induction tasks in contrast to incongruent induction tasks. 相似文献
A set of semantically neutral sentences and derived pseudosentences was produced by two native European Portuguese speakers
varying emotional prosody in order to portray anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and neutrality. Accuracy
rates and reaction times in a forced-choice identification of these emotions as well as intensity judgments were collected
from 80 participants, and a database was constructed with the utterances reaching satisfactory accuracy (190 sentences and
178 pseudosentences). High accuracy (mean correct of 75% for sentences and 71% for pseudosentences), rapid recognition, and
high-intensity judgments were obtained for all the portrayed emotional qualities. Sentences and pseudosentences elicited similar
accuracy and intensity rates, but participants responded to pseudosentences faster than they did to sentences. This database
is a useful tool for research on emotional prosody, including cross-language studies and studies involving Portuguese-speaking
participants, and it may be useful for clinical purposes in the assessment of brain-damaged patients. The database is available
for download from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献