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21.
Single-route models attribute stimulus-response compatibility effects to the difficulty of translation from stimulus to response. Dual-route models propose that compatibility effects reflect in part an additional direct, or automatic, activation route. Selected findings from three lines of research are reported that converge to provide evidence consistent with the view that the automatic activation route plays a role in compatibility effects. The data suggest that the activation produced via this route by relevant stimulus attributes influences response selection only when all mappings of stimuli to responses are known to be compatible. 相似文献
22.
23.
Manuel Barrera Jr. Susan A. Li Laurie Chassin 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(4):479-507
Investigated ethnicity and parental alcoholism as factors that might influence the stress vulnerability of adolescents. It
extended an initial cross-sectional study of this same sample by adding two annual assessments which allowed for additional
cross-sectional analyses and longitudinal tests. Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents (N=306 at Time 1) completed measures of their own life stress, family conflict, and alcohol use. Their parents reported on adolescents'
internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Cross-sectional analyses at Time 2, and prospective analyses involving Time 1 and
Time 2 measures were, for the most part, consistent with the original study's results. Caucasian adolescents and children
of alcoholic parents appeared to be more vulnerable to stress than Hispanic adolescents and children of nonalcoholic parents.
Family conflict was a partial explanation for this increased vulnerability.
This research was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant DA05227 to Laurie Chassin (pricipal investigator) and
Manuel Barrera, Jr. (coprincipal investigator). Susan Li was supported by an American Psychological Association Minority Fellowship
Award. Portions of this research were presented at the conference, “Resiliency in Families: Racial and Ethnic Minority Families
in America” that was held at the University of Wisconsin, May 31–June 2, 1994. 相似文献
24.
临床经验对诊断的双重作用及改造 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文中用辩证唯物主义的观点,阐述了临床经验的定义、来源及指导实践过程中的意义,指出其具有促进诊断和引起误诊的双重作用,并用临床病历例子详细说明其双重作用的形式、导致结果及产生的原因。指出临床经验的双重作用在临床工作中的重要性及局限性,提出对经验的改造完善途径,以能充分表现出其促进诊断的作用,而最大限度降低其导致误诊的程度,发挥在临床工作中的良性作用。 相似文献
25.
Li FP 《Ethics & behavior》1995,5(2):193-196
Case vignette: sharing unanticipated genetic information. The Questor family has experienced an unusual number of malignancies in the past two generations and has been advised by an oncologist that the p53 oncogene known as Li-Fraumeni Syndrome may be present in the family genome. The option of predictive genetic testing has been raised and several branches of the family have chosen to undergo screening to determine whether they are at risk for cancer because of the gene. Roger and Liz Questor have arranged for screening of themselves and their three children, ages 12, 10, and 7. The couple has, by all appearances, been happily married for 14 years. None of the family members are found to carry the oncogene; however, the geneticist conducting the analyses has made an interesting incidental discovery. The 10-year-old child is not the biological progeny of Roger Questor. Although the 12- and 7-year-olds are clearly the biological children of the couple, it is evident that the 10-year-old born to Liz Questor was fathered by a person other than Roger. What are the ethical obligations of the geneticist with respect to any sharing or disclosure of the information that has been discovered incidentally? What course of action, if any, do you recommend? 相似文献
26.
对先秦道家学派的创始人及主要代表─-老子和庄子的人格心理学思想进行了比较,认为其相同点有九,相异点有三;并力求以辨正唯物主义和历史唯物主义为利器,透过历史的重重雾障,对之作出较合理的客观评价,以便于古为今用。 相似文献
27.
合作学习对小学生同伴关系、成就动机和成就影响的研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
旨在探讨在我国开展合作学习教学的可行性,以及合作学习对小学生同伴关系、成就动机和成就水平的影响,运用自然实验和测量相结合的方法,选择了北京师范大学实验小学三年级两个班进行实验研究,其中一个班为实验班(n=35),另一个班为控制班(n=37).实验为期三个月。结果表明:合作学习在小学教学中不但是可行的,而且效果较为显著;合作学习对同伴关系的改善有着积极的影响,学生间的接纳度和被接纳度都有普遍的提高;合作学习在较大程度上激发了学生的成就动机水平,学生对合作学习的课程兴趣明显提高.成绩较差的学生表现得更为明显;合作学习对提高学生的学习成绩有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
28.
The visual field exerts powerful effects on egocentric spatial localization along both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Thus, (1) prism-produced visual pitch and visual slant generate similar mislocalizations of visually perceived eye level (VPEL) and visually perceived straight ahead (VPSA) and (2) in darkness curare-produced extraocular muscle paresis under eccentric gaze generates similar mislocalizations in VPEL and VPSA that are essentially eliminated by introducing a normal visual field. In the present experiments, however, a search for influences of real visual slant on VPSA to correspond to the influences of visual pitch on VPEL failed to find one. Although the elevation corresponding to VPEL changes linearly with the pitch of a visual field consisting of two isolated 66.5°-long pitched-from-vertical lines, the corresponding manipulation of change in the slant of either a horizontal two-line or a horizontal four-line visual field on VPSA did not occur. The average slope of the VPEL-versus-pitch function across 5 subjects was +0.40 over a ±30° pitch range, but was indistinguishable from 0.00 for the VPSA-versus-slant function over a ±30° slant range. Possible contributions to the difference between susceptibility of VPEL and VPSA to visual influence from extraretinal eye position information, gravity, and several retinal gradients are discussed. 相似文献
29.
30.
Luo Lu 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1994,7(2):221-226
Eighty-five community housewives in a Taiwanese city were surveyed. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age, life events and social support were found to relate to depression symptomatology. Younger housewives reported more depression symptoms than their older counterparts. Life events were related to depression, while social support protected women from depression. 相似文献