先天性音乐障碍的音高空间表征能力研究

利用音高空间表征任务、心理旋转任务和音高辨别任务,探讨先天性音乐障碍者音高空间表征能力、心理旋转加工能力和音高辨别能力。结果发现：先天性音乐障碍组音高空间表征任务标准差、心理旋转任务错误率和音高辨别任务错误率均显著高于控制组。 这些结果表明先天性音乐障碍并非音乐特异性障碍,而是音乐相关性障碍。     

Methodological naturalism and epistemic internalism

Epistemic naturalism holds that the results or methodologies from the cognitive sciences are relevant to epistemology, and some have maintained that scientific methods are more compatible with externalist theories of justification than with internalist theories. But practically all discussions about naturalized epistemology are framed exclusively in terms of cognitive psychology, which is only one of the cognitive sciences. The question addressed in this essay is whether a commitment to naturalism really does favor externalism over internalism, and we offer reasons for thinking that naturalism in epistemology is compatible with both internalist and externalist conceptions of justification. We also argue that there are some distinctively internalist aims that are currently being studied scientifically and these notions, and others, should be studied by scientific methods. This essay is dedicated to Deborah Mayo, who has long advocated using error statistical techniques to analyze and resolve epistemological puzzles in the philosophy of science. This essay follows the same spirit by advocating that computational concepts and techniques be applied within the heart of traditional, analytic epistemology.     

内隐领导理论:认知革命在领导研究领域的新拓展

以认知心理学理论为基础的内隐领导理论研究近十几年来引起人们极大的兴趣,逐渐成为领导研究的新热点.本文通过对该领域当前最新研究成果的回顾与思考,探讨了内隐领导理论的概念、结构、一致性与影响因素,并提出了实践与未来研究的建议.     

家庭因素对大学生心理健康的影响研究

本研究以问卷调查的方式试图对父母婚姻状况、家庭子女数、父母的文化及工作单位等家庭因素对大学生心理健康状况的影响进行量化的研究.通过对北京某大学6165份有效数据的分析,结果表明家庭的多种因素对大学生的心理健康产生了显著的影响.     

试题难度的事前认知任务分析

试题的难度常常用试题的通过率来表示,这种事后检验的方法虽然简单易行,其数量指标严格确定,但是对考生水平相当敏感,也不能在试题设计中起到主导作用.本研究根据认知任务分析的基本原则,设计了对试题难度进行事前评定的框架和严格的实施程序,并以高等数学试题为分析对象进行了检验.根据数学试题的特点,设定了要素数量、要素辨识难度、原理数量、原理辨识难度和认知负荷等指标.结果显示,各试题事前难度值与其通过率之间存在极其显著的相关.评定指标之间、评定者之间也存在极其显著的一致性,说明本研究的事前评定方法具有充分的效度和信度.     

情绪启动：一次阈上与阈下启动研究的实验报告

本文将情绪图片作为启动刺激,分别以阈上和阈下的方式呈现,采用主观情绪自我评定量表和投射问卷检验情绪启动效应.结果发现阈上情绪诱发以消极情绪明显且宜以自我评定方法检验,而阈下情绪启动积极情绪效应优于消极情绪启动且宜用投射检验.     

失眠症治疗的最新进展

失眠是睡眠障碍之一,主要表现为睡眠时间减少、入睡困难、入睡后易惊醒、醒后不易再入睡等。本文主要探讨了失眠的非药物治疗,包括睡眠约束,光疗法,认知治疗,松弛疗法和行为治疗。     

A hierarchical approach for fitting curves to response time measurements

Understanding how response time (RT) changes with manipulations has been critical in distinguishing among theories in cognition. It is well known that aggregating data distorts functional relationships (e.g., Estes, 1956). Less well appreciated is a second pitfall: Minimizing squared errors (i.e., OLS regression) also distorts estimated functional forms with RT data. We discuss three properties of RT that should be modeled for accurate analysis and, on the basis of these three properties, provide a hierarchical Weibull regression model for regressing RT onto covariates. Hierarchical regression model analysis of lexical decision task data reveals that RT decreases as a power function of word frequency with the scale of RT decreasing 11% for every doubling of word frequency. A detailed discussion of the model and analysis techniques are presented as archived materials and may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.     

The individual-oriented and social-oriented Chinese bicultural self: testing the theory

The author proposes a bicultural self theory for contemporary Chinese individuals, encompassing 2 main components: the individual-oriented self and the social-oriented self. The social orientation is rooted in traditional Chinese conceptualization of the self, whereas the individual orientation has evolved and developed under Western influences along with recent societal modernization. The author conducted a series of 5 studies to test the theory and relate the model to important issues in current personality and social psychological research, such as cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, motivation, cognition, emotion, and well-being. A total of 977 university students in Taiwan participated. The author found that contrasting self-aspects were differentially associated with the aforementioned constructs, as theoretically predicted. This evidence thus generally supported the bicultural self model.     

Treatment of Missing Data: Beyond Ends and Means

The ethical decision making process behind the treatment of missing data has yet to be examined in the research literature in any discipline. The purpose of the current paper is to begin to discuss this decision-making process in view of a Foucauldian framework. The paper suggests how the ethical treatment of missing data should be considered from the adoption of this theoretical framework.