The factors associated with geriatric depression in rural China: stratified by household structure

Depressive symptoms and empty nest phenomenon of rural elderly people are both important public health issues, which should not be ignored. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors of the empty nest elderly in rural China. We recruited 3182 eligible subjects and gathered data by face-to-face interview. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the related factors of depressive symptoms. The present study showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms significantly differed between empty nest old adults and non-empty nesters (24.1% vs. 19.0%). The elderly living alone had highest OR of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms of empty nest elderly was associated with sleep quality, economic status, pain, social support and ADL. While it was associated with gender, economic status, pain and PSMS in non-empty nest group. Number of chronic disease showed significant associations with depressive symptoms in the elderly living alone. Subjective support, support utilization and pain were positively associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly living with spouse. Sleep quality, economic status and ADL were common factors. Depressive symptoms obviously prevail among empty nest elderly than non-empty nesters. It reminded us that complementary social support from family and society is essential.     

Servant leadership effectiveness: do religious atmosphere and housing price matter? social information-processing Perspective

Leadership effectiveness is a result of the interaction between leadership style and the social and organizational environment. We draw on social information-processing theory and analyze how the interaction between servant leadership and the social environment (i.e., religious atmosphere and housing price in one region) influences employee behavior. We likewise measure geographic-proximity-based religious atmosphere and housing price variables on the basis of 25 geographically disparate branches of a company, including a sample of 82 supervisors and 351 employees. Multilevel analyses reveal that the interaction between servant leadership and religious atmosphere has a positive effect on employee helping behavior but not for employee voice behavior. Conversely, the interaction between servant leadership and housing price has a positive effect on employee voice behavior, but does not have such effect on employee helping behavior. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications on leadership research.

     

茅山炼师张绍英

江苏丹阳历史上释道人物很多.佛教中有法融者开创牛头禅宗而名闻天下;道教中有韦景昭、吴法通、汤志道、翟志颖四人先后入主茅山,并跻身上清派宗师之列.此外,北宋时还有一个丹阳籍高道,隐于茅山修炼而闻名遐迩,他就是宋仁宗屡诏不出的明真先生张绍英.     

《孟子·天下之言性章》再诠释:兼论孟子人性论的思想史意义

本文通过梳理早期人性论的思想脉络,说明早期以"习"描述"性"的普遍特征,由此引出孟子在《天下之言性章》中讨论"性"的特殊意义,文中首先讨论了学者目前关于此章争议情况,并进而对此章按分层结构的方式进行解释,以"故""利"与"智"作为各层的核心内容,说明孟子对"性"与"故"关系的认识,并确定孟子在此章中所表达的态度.     

动作图片语义加工中语音与字形的自动激活

采用图—词一致性判断任务,考察了动作图片语义加工中语音与字形的自动激活及其时间进程。实验1和实验2表明,在动作图片的语义加工中,图片表征的动词的语音和字形信息都自动地激活。实验3和实验4发现,在SOA为100ms时,音同字产生了语音促进效应,形似字却无字形促进效应。当SOA为200ms时,音同字产生了语音干扰效应,形似字产生了字形干扰效应。这表明,在动作图片的语义加工中,图片表征的动词的语音激活出现得比字形激活早。     

目标定向对创造性个性的影响

基于创造性研究的社会心理学取向,本研究试图探讨目标定向干预对创造性个性的影响。对73名高一学生施以TARGET模式3个月以引导掌握定向的形成;另73名高一学生作为控制组。协方差分析表明,实验组的创造性个性有明显改善;被试实验前的目标定向对实验效果具有一定的影响,实验前成绩接近定向的倾向较弱的被试其创造性个性的改善较为明显。总之,目标定向干预可导致创造性个性的改善。     

A Bayesian Modeling Approach for Generalized Semiparametric Structural Equation Models

In behavioral, biomedical, and psychological studies, structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely used for assessing relationships between latent variables. Regression-type structural models based on parametric functions are often used for such purposes. In many applications, however, parametric SEMs are not adequate to capture subtle patterns in the functions over the entire range of the predictor variable. A different but equally important limitation of traditional parametric SEMs is that they are not designed to handle mixed data types—continuous, count, ordered, and unordered categorical. This paper develops a generalized semiparametric SEM that is able to handle mixed data types and to simultaneously model different functional relationships among latent variables. A structural equation of the proposed SEM is formulated using a series of unspecified smooth functions. The Bayesian P-splines approach and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed to estimate the smooth functions and the unknown parameters. Moreover, we examine the relative benefits of semiparametric modeling over parametric modeling using a Bayesian model-comparison statistic, called the complete deviance information criterion (DIC). The performance of the developed methodology is evaluated using a simulation study. To illustrate the method, we used a data set derived from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.     

楚竹书《孔子诗论》“类序”辨析

通过对楚竹书《孔子诗论》的分析,结合对《诗经》文本形成过程的探讨,得出《诗经》之部类及其类序为《风》、《小雅》、《大雅》、《颂》的结论,同时厘清孔子、《孔子诗论》和《毛诗》在文本方面的关系。《诗经》的结集经历了一个过程,其分类由来已久;未曾更改。《诗》“类序”的形成也具有一定的历史性,是在《诗》文本编辑过程中自然形成的。孔子在整理《诗经》的过程中并不存在一个前提性的“编序”原则,所谓孔子“删诗”,只是对诗篇做些必要的一般性古籍整理而已。至于出土文献《孔子诗论》中偶尔出现的颠倒《诗》“类序”的论述亦属正常,并不能说明孔子曾编有与传统《诗》“类序”相反的文本,也不能否定《毛诗》文本具有一定的历史延续性,更不能由此说明《孔子诗论》中出现“类序颠倒”具有更为不可测知的寓意。