排名列表项目展示方式对于项目评价的极化效应

排名列表是帮助消费者快速识别品牌或产品优劣的手段。研究基于空间隐喻理论, 探究排名列表的不同展示方式(垂直vs水平)对消费者列表项目评价的极化影响及作用机制。通过5个实验发现: 消费者对于垂直排名列表相比水平排名列表中的项目具有更大的评价极化效应, 并且验证了项目感知差异在上述关系中的中介作用, 即垂直排名列表的评价极化效应是由个体较高的排名列表项目感知差异所驱动的。此外, 当属性可评估性较低时, 才会出现不同列表项目的评价极化效应; 相反, 当排名列表项目属性可评估性较高时, 该评价极化效应消失。     

伊斯兰人权与全球化

伊斯兰人权学说的自觉解读,其形成、发展,与全球化对伊斯兰世界的影响息息相关。在现代社会的发展中,伊斯兰人权思想经历了从伊斯兰世界所共同认可的“最低人权”,向普遍人权发展的过程,伦理维度在逐渐扩张。伊斯兰人权思想的法典化,是其在全球化过程中发展的基本态势。在人权的普遍性成为国际人权的主要问题时,伊斯兰人权的文化相对性,其权利观中所强调的注重个人义务,注重社会弱者的权利,注重家庭和社会平衡的思想,对国际人权全球伦理构建具有重要意义。     

语义距离半球效应的ERP研究

以通过视觉通路呈现的汉语双字词为实验材料,操纵启动词与目标词的语义距离。在词汇决定实验中记录ERP,发现：（1）除N300外,P240亦对语义距离敏感,它可能是一种与语义加工有关的新的ERP成分;（2）P240在头皮中央偏左的部位较早出现,但在头皮右侧波幅较大;（3）N300和P240都不存在语义距离的半球效应,该结果没有证实右脑更专擅远距离语义加工的假设,表明使用汉语与使用拼音文字的脑机制存在差异。     

教材内容的情感性分析及其处理策略

人们对教材的教学心理学分析研究相对较少,仅有的也多囿于认知维度。奥苏贝尔在其意义学习理论框架下研究了教材的意义性及其学习条件问题,并提出了著名的处理教材内容的先行组织者策略,然其研究仍属认知维度。其实,教材也是构成教学中情感现象的一个重要源点,对其进行情感性分析研究,将有助于从情感维度系统优化教学。故本文对教材内容进行较系统的情感分析,归纳为蕴涵显性、隐性、悟性和中性情感因素的四大类,并在教学实验     

家庭社会经济地位对流动儿童认知能力的影响:父母教养方式的中介作用

以北京市某小学三、四年级的133名流动儿童和129名非流动儿童为被试,采用问卷和行为实验的方法,探讨家庭社会经济地位对流动儿童认知能力的影响,以及父母教养方式在其中的中介作用。结果发现：（1）流动儿童的工作记忆、元认知能力显著低于非流动儿童,家庭社会经济地位较非流动儿童更低,父母教养方式更消极;（2）流动儿童家庭社会经济地位与元认知显著正相关,父母教养方式中多个维度与元认知显著相关,而只有母亲过度干涉与保护与注意力显著负相关;（3）在流动儿童中,父亲情感温暖与理解部分中介家庭社会经济地位对儿童元认知的影响,效应量为30%。     

Talking about others facilitates theory of mind in Chinese preschoolers

A longitudinal study and a training study were conducted to show that simply referring to others facilitated theory of mind (ToM) development in Chinese children. In Study 1, 3- to 4-year-old Chinese children (N = 52) were tested on ToM and autobiographical memory (AM). One year later, in the group of children who initially failed the false belief tasks, only those who increased their references to others in AM recall passed the tasks. In Study 2, Chinese preschoolers who were trained to talk about others through storytelling showed improvement in their ToM performance. These findings suggest alternative pathways for ToM development in non-Euro-American context.     

广东省城乡初中生元认知水平比较研究

研究采用自编问卷和访谈法对城乡初中生进行元认知水平的对比研究,结果表明：1）城乡初中生元认知水平总体差异显著,农村初中生的元认知水平总体低于城市初中生的元认知水平。2）城乡初中生在认知前元认知体验和认知中元认知知识维度上差异显著。认知前元认知知识、认知中元认知体验、认知后元认知知识、认知后元认知体验之间无显著性差异。建议加强教师和学生元认知训练,提高学生元认知水平。     

中国管理心理学发展的回顾和展望

本文以 1 980年中国心理学会工业心理学专业委员会成立为标志 ,总结了 1 5年来我国工业心理学的主要成就 ,并从激励、人员测评、领导行为、管理决策和跨文化研究等方面概述了中国管理心理学的发展 ,提出了今后值得研究的若干课题。本文最后指出 ,从我国企业的实际问题着手 ,不断积累资料 ,提出自己的理论 ,同时以我为主 ,借鉴国外的研究成果 ,在企业实际中不断检验和修正理论 ,是我国管理心理学的发展方向。     

Direct and indirect relationship between social stressors and job performance in Greater China: The role of strain and social support

This study examined the direct relationship between two social stressors (interpersonal conflict and organizational politics) and supervisor-rated job performance among employees in three Chinese societies in Greater China. The potential moderating effects of social support on the relation between social stressors and job performance were also investigated. Further, the potential mediating role of strain between stressors and job performance was tested. Data were collected from 1032 employees in Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei. The results showed that both types of social stressors were positively correlated with strain, and negatively related with job performance. There was evidence supporting that social support was a significant moderator of the social stressor–performance relationship. Further, results were consistent with the hypothesis that strain could be a mediator between social stressors and job performance.     

Noise exclusion in spatial attention

Precue validity affects the performance of perceptual tasks. These spatial attention effects have been variously attributed to facilitation of processing, capacity allocation, or noise reduction. We used a new attention-plus-external (stimulus)-noise paradigm and model to identify the mechanisms of attention in cue-validity paradigms. A new phenomenon is reported: a large effect of location cue validity in an orientation identification task that specifically occurs when the stimulus is embedded in external (environmental or stimulus) noise. This result identifies the mechanism of the effect as external-noise exclusion, distinguished from stimulus enhancement that manifests itself only in noiseless stimulus environments.