循证医学在神经外科临床决策中的应用

在神经外科复杂的诊治实践中,需要循证医学的方法不断提高临床决策水平.本文从神经外科的角度对循证医学在临床决策中的应用进行了分析和探讨.     

Stroop效应研究的新进展——理论、范式及影响因素

Stroop效应的研究经久不衰。本文根据有关Stroop效应的最新研究资料。对Stroop效应中一些热点、争议的问题进行     

中介变量、调节变量与协变量——概念、统计检验及其比较

本文在已有研究文献的基础上,集中探讨了中介变量、调节变量和协变量的概念,以及中介效应、调节效应和协变量效应的统计分析方法。随后分别对中介效应和间接效应,调节效应和交互效应进行了辨析,并从测量水平和检验方法等方面对三种统计概念做了比较。     

扁鹊取意“病却”考

扁鹊是中国医学史上的一个重要名人。人们对扁鹊的认识多来源于《史记·扁鹊传》,篇中撰写的主人公有实有虚,即扁鹊可以指称具体的某一位医生,亦可泛称众良医。在汉画像石中,扁鹊形象奇特,人面鹊身,是一个抽象化的人物。解读两种文献材料,扁鹊应该为古代良医之公名,而非确指某个固定的人。扁鹊一名的内涵,因声求义,扁鹊与“病却”古音相似,此名当取义于“病却”,以此寓神医之德,寄托病人的心愿。把神医命名为“病却”既合人们的愿望,又合古人命名的法则。     

家庭经济压力与青少年抑郁:歧视知觉和亲子依恋的作用

对703名初中生(平均年龄14.30岁)进行问卷调查, 探讨了青少年歧视知觉、亲子依恋在家庭经济压力与青少年抑郁关系中的中介和调节作用。结果表明:(1)在控制了性别、年级后, 家庭经济压力对青少年抑郁具有显著的正向预测作用;(2)在家庭经济压力对抑郁的正向预测关系中, 歧视知觉起中介作用;(3)家庭经济压力通过歧视知觉对抑郁的中介作用受到亲子依恋的调节, 相对于亲子依恋水平较高的青少年, 中介效应仅在亲子依恋水平较低的青少年中显著。     

品味:主动用心地感受积极体验

品味(savoring)是积极心理学中的一个重要概念,它主要指个体延长和增强积极体验的过程。本文在介绍Bryant和Veroff的品味理论基础上,结合最新研究进一步对品味的概念、结构、机制、测量进行系统论述,并探讨了品味和幸福感的关系以及提高品味能力的方法。除了需要在品味的神经生理机制、品味的毕生发展研究、品位的文化差异等一些研究领域继续努力外,品味的测量以及应用等问题也都值得未来研究注意。     

从礼拜座位看基督教会组织原则的本土运用——以云南怒江娃底村傈僳族为例

在云南怒江峡谷中游地区基督教信仰的发展过程中,教会组织的建立和高效运作是其得以发展的基础.本文从傈僳人进行礼拜仪式时与性别和年龄相关的左右、前后不同的座位安排入手,对娃底傈僳族教会的组织原则进行细致的分析和讨论.认为传统的性别等级和年龄序列制度是娃底教会的重要组织原则,同时这一组织原则又是与诸多社会行为相关联的.而传统社会制度的应用,与基督教信仰在这一地区的发展有着直接的关系.     

放弃治疗的法律和伦理学思考

调查放弃治疗后死亡病案629例,主要病因为恶性肿瘤和脑血管病.目前在临床工作中,对疾病晚期和临终期的患者,放弃治疗已成为家属和患者本人重要的选择之一.医患双方应该尊重医学科学,理性对待放弃治疗,履行双方应尽的义务,维护双方合法权力,维护法律的尊严.医院应该加强管理,正确处理放弃治疗的相关问题,更好地服务于患者和社会.     

A review of research on bullying and peer victimization in school: An ecological system analysis

Bullying and peer victimization in school are serious concerns for students, parents, teachers, and school officials in the U.S. and around the world. This article reviews risk factors associated with bullying and peer victimization in school within the context of Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework. This review integrates empirical findings on the risk factors associated with bullying and peer victimization within the context of micro- (parent–youth relationships, inter-parental violence, relations with peers, school connectedness, and school environment), meso- (teacher involvement), exo- (exposure to media violence, neighborhood environment), macro- (cultural norms and beliefs, religious affiliation), and chronosystem (changes in family structure) levels. Theories that explain the relationships between the risk factors and bullying behavior are also included. We then discuss the efficacy of the current bullying prevention and intervention programs, which is followed by directions for future research.     

Goal Orientation and Work Role Performance: Predicting Adaptive and Proactive Work Role Performance Through Self-Leadership Strategies

This article explores the relationship between goal orientation, self-leadership dimensions, and adaptive and proactive work role performances. The authors hypothesize that learning orientation, in contrast to performance orientation, positively predicts proactive and adaptive work role performances and that this relationship is mediated by self-leadership behavior-focused strategies. It is posited that self-leadership natural reward strategies and thought pattern strategies are expected to moderate this relationship. Workers (N = 108) from a software company participated in this study. As expected, learning orientation did predict adaptive and proactive work role performance. Moreover, in the relationship between learning orientation and proactive work role performance through self-leadership behavior-focused strategies, a moderated mediation effect was found for self-leadership natural reward and thought pattern strategies. In the end, the authors discuss the results and implications are discussed and future research directions are proposed.