阅读流畅性研究及其进展

从介绍两个阅读发展模型入手,探讨了阅读流畅性与阅读的关系,揭示阅读流畅性在阅读发展进程中的地位和作用,并介绍了影响阅读流畅性的因素。在此基础上,指出了阅读流畅性研究对语言认知研究的重要性,并对今后研究作了初步展望。     

上帝的名字及其翻译

基督教对西方思想文化的影响巨大,其中上帝占有至关重要的地位。在《圣经》中,上帝关于自己的称谓是“我是我所是”。中译文则是“我是自有永有的”。探讨这句话的中译文,不仅有助于我们理解《圣经》文本本身,而且有助于我们理解基督教思想对西方哲学的影响,以及它们之间的相互联系,从而也有助于我们理解西方哲学。     

Employees' Well-being in Greater China: The Direct and Moderating Effects of General Self-efficacy

This study investigated the direct and moderating effect of general self-efficacy on the relationship between stressors and well-being in Chinese societies. Survey data were collected from 386 and 306 employees in Hong Kong and Beijing, respectively. The results consistently showed that general self-efficacy was positively related to mental well-being and physical well-being. A series of hierarchical regressions revealed that general self-efficacy moderated the relationship between stressors and mental well-being, yet did not moderate the relationship between stressors and physical well-being. Results verified that general self-efficacy plays an important role in employees' well-being in the collectivist society of China.
Cette recherche porte sur l'effet direct et régulateur de l'auto-efficience générale sur la relation entre les facteurs de stress et le bien-être dans les sociétés chinoises. Les données d'enquête ont été obtenues auprès de 386 salariés de Hong-Kong et 306 de Pékin. Les résultats montrent régulièrement que l'auto-efficience générale est positivement corrélée avec le bien-être physique et mental. Une succession de régressions hiérarchiques a révélé que l'auto-efficience générale régulait la relation entre les facteurs de stress et le bien-être mental, mais pas celle entre les facteurs de stress et le bien-être physique. Les résultats vérifient l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'auto-efficience générale joue un rôle important pour le bien-être des salariés dans la société collectiviste chinoise.     

Lexical restructuring in the absence of literacy

Vocabulary growth was suggested to prompt the implementation of increasingly finer-grained lexical representations of spoken words in children (e.g., [Metsala, J. L., & Walley, A. C. (1998). Spoken vocabulary growth and the segmental restructuring of lexical representations: precursors to phonemic awareness and early reading ability. In J. L. Metsala & L. C. Ehri (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 89-120). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.]). Although literacy was not explicitly mentioned in this lexical restructuring hypothesis, the process of learning to read and spell might also have a significant impact on the specification of lexical representations (e.g., [Carroll, J. M., & Snowling, M. J. (2001). The effects of global similarity between stimuli on children’s judgments of rime and alliteration. Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, 327-342.]; [Goswami, U. (2000). Phonological representations, reading development and dyslexia: Towards a cross-linguistic theoretical framework. Dyslexia, 6, 133-151.]). This is what we checked in the present study. We manipulated word frequency and neighborhood density in a gating task (Experiment 1) and a word-identification-in-noise task (Experiment 2) presented to Portuguese literate and illiterate adults. Ex-illiterates were also tested in Experiment 2 in order to disentangle the effects of vocabulary size and literacy. There was an interaction between word frequency and neighborhood density, which was similar in the three groups. These did not differ even for the words that are supposed to undergo lexical restructuring the latest (low frequency words from sparse neighborhoods). Thus, segmental lexical representations seem to develop independently of literacy. While segmental restructuring is not affected by literacy, it constrains the development of phoneme awareness as shown by the fact that, in Experiment 3, neighborhood density modulated the phoneme deletion performance of both illiterates and ex-illiterates.     

南京居民医疗服务潜在需求成因分析及其合理转化建议

通过南京市8个区、县4873户居民的基线调查,掌握居民对医疗服务的实际利用情况,通过比较医疗需求与利用之间的差距,发现存在很大的潜在医疗服务需求市场。从医疗服务供需双方分析其产生的原因,找出医疗服务需求与利用的主要影响因素,从而探讨如何将这部分潜在需求合理转化。     

"古典古代"等于"奴隶社会"吗?——重新解读马克思的"古代生产方式"

在英语世界,20世纪80年代以后出现了关于马克思唯物史观的研究热潮[1]。20世纪80~90年代,国内学术界也曾经出现过“三种社会形态理论”与“五种社会形态理论”的激烈争论。与“五种社会形态理论”相关,国内学术界长期以来有关于中国历史上是否存在“奴隶社会”的争论,这种争论后来进一步发展,一些学者根据芬利(Finley)等西方古代史专家关于当时奴隶数量的最新研究成果[2],得出西欧历史上也不存在奴隶社会的结论。如果这种说法能够成立,那么人们自然就会进一步得出结论说:马克思把奴隶社会看做西欧历史发展中的一个“经济社会形态”的说法已…     

Predictors of online information seeking by international students when disaster strikes their countries.

This study explores factors influencing international students' likelihood of using the Internet to seek disaster-related information should a disaster affect their countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two universities in America between August 1 and September 30, 2005. Two hundred twenty-nine (n = 229) students completed the self-administered questionnaires. ANOVA analyses found that respondents' Internet self-efficacy had no significant impact on their intentions to seek disaster-related information on the Internet. However, respondents' Internet dependency and attitude toward seeking information online were found to have a significant effect on such intentions.     

教师职业活动幸福感的调查研究

针对教师职业活动幸福感的主题编制问卷,前后共对912名中小学教师施测.经探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明,自编的教师职业活动幸福感问卷,信效度达到心理测量学要求.本研究对象的教师,其职业活动幸福感处于中等偏上水平,不存在性别、学历、职称和学科的差异,但与班主任工作、行政职务和学校性质显著相关.     

金融服务绩效的消费者认知评估研究

随着我国金融市场环境的迅速开放,商业银行根据金融服务绩效的消费者认知评估模型,全面分析金融服务绩效的心理影响因素,深入了解金融消费者需求、进行服务绩效评估、提升服务绩效水平便具有了重要的理论与现实意义.研究结果表明:大多数商业银行狭义理解了金融服务的内涵,其过于注重企业外貌、营业环境、服务设施等硬件因素,而对于诸如员工素质、办事效率等影响消费者认知评估金融服务绩效的深层次心理因素缺乏有效关注.     

华人社会中的宗教与环保初探

面对环境问题,宗教领袖选择对宗教经典进行重新诠释,认为宗教在处理这些议题上扮演了重要的角色.本文则越过宗教教义,直接考察华人社会宗教团体的环保参与,并得出一些初步的认识:第一、宗教与环保没有直接的因果关系,但宗教可以成为环保运动的同路人,并对处理环境危机做出贡献.许多宗教参与环保并非源自其教义,而是因为世俗的环保运动如火如荼.第二,有组织的宗教(如台湾的佛教)比那些没有组织的宗教(如儒教)在进行资源动员保护环境方面更有效率.第三,强调自利与个人主义的民间宗教更多地推动地方上的环境保护,而强调利他和集体主义取向的宗教团体则更具心系苍生、环保天下的气质.